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CHEMISTRY > Organic - Organic Synthesis > Flashcards

Organic - Organic Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mechanism, reagents & conditions for the conversion of Alkene -> Dihaloalkane?

A

Mechanism – Electrophilic Addition
Reagents – Halogen e.g. Br2
Conditions – N/A

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2
Q

What is the mechanism, reagents & conditions for the conversion of Alkene -> Alcohol

A

Mechanism – Electrophilic Addition
Reagents – H2O
Conditions – Conc H2SO4 or conc H3PO4 & 300 degrees C and 7MPa

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3
Q

What is the mechanism, reagents & conditions for the conversion of Alcohol -> Alkene

A

Mechanism – Elimination
Reagents – Conc H2SO4 or conc H3PO4 (or Al2O3 catalyst)
Conditions – 170 degrees C for acid dehydration

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4
Q

What is the mechanism, reagents & conditions for the conversion of Alcohol -> Aldehyde/Ketone?

A

Mechanism – N/A (Oxidation reaction)
Reagents – Acidified Potassium Dichromate (VI) Solution
Conditions – Heat and distil/reflux

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5
Q

What is the mechanism, reagents & conditions for the conversion of Aldehyde/Ketone -> Alcohol?

A

Mechanism – Nucleophilic Addition
Reagents – NaBH4
Conditions – Aqueous Solution

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6
Q

What is the mechanism, reagents & conditions for the conversion of Aldehyde/Ketone -> Hydroxy nitrile?

A

Mechanism – Nucleophilic Addition
Reagents – KCN followed by dilute acid
Conditions – N/A

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7
Q

What is the mechanism, reagents & conditions for the conversion of Alkene -> Halogenoalkane?

A

Mechanism – Electrophilic Addition
Reagents – HX
Conditions – N/A

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8
Q

What is the mechanism, reagents & conditions for the conversion of Halogenoalkane -> Alkene?

A

Mechanism – Elimination
Reagents – KOH (dissolved in ethanol)
Conditions – Heat under reflux

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9
Q

What is the mechanism, reagents & conditions for the conversion of Halogenoalkane -> Alcohol?

A

Mechanism – Nucleophilic Substitution
Reagents – NaOH (aq)
Conditions – Heat under reflux

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10
Q

What is the mechanism, reagents & conditions for the conversion of Alcohol -> Carboxylic Acid?

A

Mechanism – Oxidation
Reagents – Excess of a mixture of potassium dichromate(VI) solution and dilute H2SO4
Conditions – Heat under reflux

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11
Q

What is the mechanism, reagents & conditions for the conversion of Carboxylic Acid -> Alcohol?

A

Mechanism – Nucleophilic Addition
Reagents – LiAlH4
Conditions – In dry ether

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12
Q

What is the mechanism, reagents & conditions for the conversion of Carboxylic Acid -> Aldehyde/Ketone?

A

Mechanism – Nucleophilic Addition
Reagents – LiAlH4
Conditions – In dry ether

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13
Q

What is the mechanism, reagents & conditions for the conversion of Aldehyde/Ketone -> Carboxylic Acid?

A

Mechanism – N/A (Oxidation reaction)
Reagents – Acidified Potassium Dichromate (VI) Solution
Conditions – Heat under reflux

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14
Q

What is the mechanism, reagents & conditions for the conversion of Alkane -> Halogenoalkane?

A

Mechanism – Free Radical Substitution
Reagents – Cl2
Conditions – UV Light

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15
Q

What is the mechanism, reagents & conditions for the conversion of Halogenoalkane -> Primary Amine?

A

Mechanism – Nucleophilic Substitution
Reagents – conc NH3
Conditions – Excess NH3 dissolved in ethanol.

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16
Q

What is the mechanism, reagents & conditions for the conversion of Halogenoalkane -> Secondary/Tertiary Amines & Quaternary Ammonium Salts?

A

Mechanism – Nucleophilic Substitution
Reagents – Primary Amine
Conditions – Amine dissolved in ethanol

17
Q

What is the mechanism, reagents & conditions for the conversion of Halogenoalkane -> Nitrile?

A

Mechanism – Nucleophilic Substitution
Reagents – Potassium Cyanide (dissolved in ethanol)
Conditions – N/A

18
Q

What is the mechanism, reagents & conditions for the conversion of Nitrile -> Primary Amine?

A

Mechanism – Nucleophilic Addition
Reagents – LiAlH4
Conditions – In dry ether

19
Q

What is the mechanism, reagents & conditions for the conversion of Carboxylic Acid -> Ester?

A

Mechanism – Nucleophilic Addition-Elimination
Reagents – Alcohol
Conditions – conc H2SO4

20
Q

What is the mechanism, reagents & conditions for the conversion of Ester -> Carboxylic Acid?

A

Mechanism – N/A (Acid/Base Hydrolysis reaction)
Reagents – Dilute HCl
Conditions – Heat under reflux

21
Q

What is the mechanism, reagents & conditions for the conversion of Acyl Chloride/Acid Anhydride -> Ester?

A

Mechanism – Nucleophilic Addition-Elimination
Reagents – Alcohol added to acid chloride
Conditions – Room temperature

22
Q

What is the mechanism, reagents & conditions for the conversion of Acyl Chloride/Acid Anhydride -> Carboxylic Acid?

A

Mechanism – Nucleophilic Addition-Elimination (only Acyl Chloride)
Reagents – H2O
Conditions – Room temperature

23
Q

What is the mechanism, reagents & conditions for the conversion of Acyl Chloride/Acid Anhydride -> N-Substituted Amide?

A

Mechanism – Nucleophilic Addition-Elimination
Reagents – Ammonia
Conditions – Chloride added to conc ammonia

24
Q

What is the mechanism, reagents & conditions for the conversion of Benzene -> Nitrobenzene?

A

Mechanism – Electrophilic Substitution
Reagents – Conc HNO3 and Conc H2SO4
Conditions – Lower temperature to prevent further nitration

25
Q

What is the mechanism, reagents & conditions for the conversion of Benzene -> Phenyl ketone?

A

Mechanism – Electrophilic Substitution
Reagents – CH3COCl or (CH3CO)2O
Conditions – AlCl3 catalyst and (CH3CO)2O

26
Q

What is the mechanism, reagents & conditions for the conversion of Nitrobenzene -> Aromatic Amine?

A

Mechanism – N/A (Reduction reaction)
Reagents – Sn and HCl
Conditions – Heat under reflux and add NaOH (aq)

27
Q

What is the mechanism, reagents & conditions for the conversion of Alcohol -> Halogenoalkane?

A

Mechanism – N/A (substitution reaction)
Reagents – HX (prepared in situ from NaX and conc H2SO4)
Conditions – Heat under reflux

CHEMISTRY (34 decks)

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