Inorganic - Transition Metals Flashcards
What are the rules when writing electronic configuration?
1) 4s fills before 3d 2) 4s also empties before 3d
What are the two exceptions when writing electronic configuration?
Cr is [Ar] 4s¹3d⁵
Cu is [Ar]4s¹ 3d¹⁰
What is the definition for a transition metal?
An element that has an incomplete d subshell in either its atoms or one of its common ions.
Why is Zn not actually a transition metal?
It does not have an incomplete d subshell.
What are the four properties of transition metals?
1) They form coloured ions.
2) They form complexes (ligands form co-ordinate bonds to the metal ion).
3) They exhibit variable oxidation states.
4) They show catalytic activity:
- Ni -> margarine
- V₂O₅ -> making SO3 for H2SO4
- Fe -> Haber process to make NH3
- Pt, Pd -> catalytic converters
What is the definition of a ligand?
Particle with a lone pair that forms co-ordinate bond to metal ion.
What is the definition of a complex?
Metal ion with ligands co-ordinately bonded to it.
What is the co-ordinate number?
Number of co-ordinate bonds from ligand(s) to metal ions.
What is a Lewis base?
Lone pair donor (ligands are Lewis bases)
What is a Lewis acid?
Lone pair acceptor
What are the 5 examples of ligands?
1) :NH3 = neutral
2):Cl- = negative
3) H2O: = neutral
4) :OH- = negative
5) :CN- = negative
What is the co-ordination number of a linear ion?
2
What is the co-ordination number of a tetrahedral ion?
4
What is the co-ordination number of a square planar ion?
4
What is the co-ordination number of an octahedral ion?
6
What is the bond angle of a linear ion?
180
What is the bond angle of a tetrahedral ion?
109.5
What is the bond angle of a square planar ion?
90
What is the bond angle of an octahedral ion?
90
What is the occurance of a linear ion?
Ag+ complexes
What is the occurance of a tetradhedral ion?
Large ligands e.g. Cl-
What is the occurance of a sqaure planar ion?
Pt2+ complexes
What is the occurance of an octahedral ion?
Commonest
What is an example of a linear ion?
[Ag(NH3)2]+
What is an example of a tetrahedral ion?
[CuCl4]2-
What is an example of a square planar ion?
[PtCl4]2-
What is an example of an octahedral ion?
[Cu(H2O)6]2+
What is a unidentate ligand?
Form one coordinate bond
What is a bidentate ligand?
Form two coordinate bonds
What is a multidentate ligand?
Form several coordinate bonds
