Inorganic - Reactions Of Aqueous Ions

Question 1

What kind of complexes do transition metals form when they dissolve in water?

Answer 1

Hexaqua coloured complexes

Question 2

What are the four hexaqua ion I need to know?

Answer 2

[Fe(H2O)6]2+
[Fe(H2O)6]3+
[Cu(H2O)6]2+
[Al(H2O)6]3+

Question 3

What is the equation for the reaction of a hexaqua ion with excess OH-?

Answer 3

[M(H2O)6]2+ + 6OH- -> [M(OH)6]4- + 6H2O

Question 4

What is the equation for the reaction of a hexaqua ion with excess NH3?

Answer 4

[M(H2O)6]3+ + 6NH3 -> [M(NH3)6]3+ + 6H2O

Question 5

Why is [M(H2O)6]3+ more acidic than [M(H2O)6]2+?

Answer 5

[M(H2O)6]3+ has a higher charge/size ration therefore it is more polarising, meaning that the electrons in the O-H bonds will be pulled further away from the hydrogens than in 2+ ions. That means that the hydrogen atoms in the ligand water molecules will have a greater positive charge in a 3+ ion, and so will be more attracted to water molecules in the solution. If they are more attracted, they will be more readily lost - and so the 3+ ions are more acidic.

Question 6

What is the formula for the Iron (II) hexaqua ion?

Answer 6

[Fe(H2O)6]2+(aq)

Question 7

What colour is the the Iron (II) hexaqua ion?

Answer 7

Green solution

Question 8

What is the equation for the reaction of Iron (II) and OH- (NaOH)?

Answer 8

[Fe(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) -> Fe(H2O)4(OH)2(s) + 2H2O(l)

Question 9

What is the colour change for the reaction of Iron (II) and OH- (NaOH)?

Answer 9

Green solution -> Green precipitate and goes brown on standing in air due to oxidation

Question 10

What is the equation for the reaction of Iron (II) and NH3?

Answer 10

[Fe(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 2NH3(aq) -> Fe(H2O)4(OH)2(s) + 2NH4+(aq)

Question 11

What is the colour change for the reaction of Iron (II) and NH3?

Answer 11

Green solution -> Green precipitate and goes brown on standing in air due to oxidation

Question 12

What is the equation for the reaction of Iron (II) and CO32-(Na2CO3)?

Answer 12

[Fe(H2O)6]2+(aq) + CO32-(aq) -> FeCO3(s) + 6H2O(l)

Question 13

What is the colour change for the reaction of Iron (II) and CO32-(Na2CO3)?

Answer 13

Green solution -> Green precipitate

Question 14

What is the equation for the reaction of Iron (II) and Cl- (HCl)?

Answer 14

[Fe(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 4Cl-(aq) -> [FeCl4]2-(aq) + 6H2O(l)

Question 15

What is the colour change for the reaction of Iron (II) and Cl- (HCl)?

Answer 15

Green solution -> Yellow solution

Question 16

What is the formula for the Copper hexaqua ion?

Answer 16

[Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq)

Question 17

What colour is the the Copper hexaqua ion?

Answer 17

Blue solution

Question 18

What is the equation for the reaction of Copper and OH- (NaOH)?

Answer 18

[Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) -> Cu(H2O)4(OH)2(s) + 2H2O(l)

Question 19

What is the colour change for the reaction of Copper and OH- (NaOH)?

Answer 19

Blue solution -> Blue precipitate

Question 20

What is the equation for the reaction of Copper and NH3?

Answer 20

[Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 2NH3(aq) -> Cu(H2O)4(OH)2(s) + 2NH4+(aq)

Question 21

What is the colour change for the reaction of Copper and NH3?

Answer 21

Blue solution -> Blue precipitate

Question 22

What is the equation for the reaction of Copper and excess NH3?

Answer 22

[Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 4NH3(aq) -> [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+(aq) + 4H2O(l)

Question 23

What is the colour change for the reaction of Copper and excess NH3?

Answer 23

Blue solution -> Deep blue solution

Question 24

What is the equation for the reaction of Copper and CO32-(Na2CO3)?

Answer 24

[Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) + CO32-(aq) -> CuCO3(s) + 6H2O(l)

Question 25

What is the colour change for the reaction of Copper and CO32-(Na2CO3)?

Answer 25

Blue solution -> Green-blue precipitate

Question 26

What is the equation for the reaction of Copper and Cl- (HCl)?

Answer 26

[Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 4Cl-(aq) -> [CuCl4]2-(aq) + 6H2O(l)

Question 27

What is the colour change for the reaction of Copper and Cl- (HCl)?

Answer 27

Blue solution -> green solution

Question 28

What is the formula for the Iron (III) hexaqua ion?

Answer 28

[Fe(H2O)6]3+(aq)

Question 29

What colour is the the Iron (III) hexaqua ion?

Answer 29

Purple solution but appears orange due to hydrolysis

Question 30

What is the equation for the reaction of Iron (III) and OH- (NaOH)?

Answer 30

[Fe(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 3OH-(aq) -> Fe(H2O)3(OH)3(s) + 3H2O(l)

Question 31

What is the colour change for the reaction of Iron (III) and OH- (NaOH)?

Answer 31

Orange solution -> Brown precipitate

Question 32

What is the equation for the reaction of Iron (III) and NH3?

Answer 32

[Fe(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 3NH3(aq) -> Fe(H2O)3(OH)3(s) + 3NH4+(aq)

Question 33

What is the colour change for the reaction of Iron (III) and NH3?

Answer 33

Orange solution -> Brown precipitate

Question 34

What is the equation for the reaction of Iron (III) and CO32-(Na2CO3)?

Answer 34

2[Fe(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 3CO32-(aq) -> 2Fe(H2O)3(OH)3(s) + 3CO2(g) + 3H2O(l)

Question 35

What is the colour change for the reaction of Iron (III) and CO32-(Na2CO3)?

Answer 35

Orange solution -> Brown precipitate

Question 36

What is the equation for the reaction of Iron (III) and Cl- (HCl)?

Answer 36

[Fe(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 4Cl-(aq) -> [FeCl4]-(aq) + 6H2O(l)

Question 37

What is the colour change for the reaction of Iron (III) and Cl- (HCl)?

Answer 37

Orange solution -> Yellow solution

Question 38

What is the formula for the Aluminium hexaqua ion?

Answer 38

[Al(H2O)6]3+(aq)

Question 39

What colour is the the Aluminium hexaqua ion?

Answer 39

Colourless solution

Question 40

What is the equation for the reaction of Aluminium and OH- (NaOH)?

Answer 40

[Al(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 3OH-(aq) -> Al(H2O)3(OH)3(s) + 3H2O(l)

Question 41

What is the colour change for the reaction of Aluminium and OH- (NaOH)?

Answer 41

Colourless solution -> White precipiate

Question 42

What is the equation for the reaction of Aluminium and excess OH- (NaOH)?

Answer 42

Al(H2O)3(OH)3(s) + OH-(aq) -> [Al(H2O)2(OH)4]-(s) + H2O(l)

Question 43

What is the colour change for the reaction of Aluminium and excess OH- (NaOH)?

Answer 43

Redissolves to give a colourless solution

Question 44

What is the equation for the reaction of Aluminium and NH3?

Answer 44

[Al(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 3NH3(aq) -> Al(H2O)3(OH)3(s) + 3NH4+(aq)

Question 45

What is the colour change for the reaction of Aluminium and NH3?

Answer 45

Colourless solution -> White precipiate

Question 46

What is the equation for the reaction of Aluminium and CO32-(Na2CO3)?

Answer 46

2[Al(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 3CO32-(aq) -> 2Al(H2O)3(OH)3(s) + 3CO2(g) + 3H2O(l)

Question 47

What is the colour change for the reaction of Aluminium and CO32-(Na2CO3)?

Answer 47

Colourless solution -> White precipiate and bubbles of CO2

Question 48

What is the equation for the reaction of Aluminium and Cl- (HCl)?

Answer 48

[Al(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 4Cl-(aq) -> [AlCl4]-(aq) + 6H2O(l)

Question 49

What is the colour change for the reaction of Aluminium and Cl- (HCl)?

Answer 49

Colourless solution -> Colourless solution