Physic Flashcards
Heat flows from a higher-temperature object to a lower-temperature object due to the difference in ____ and ____.
temperatures, heat
The specific heat capacity of a substance is the quantity of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of the substance by ____ or ____.
1 K, 1°C
The formula for calculating specific heat capacity is ____ = Q / mΔT, where Q is the quantity of heat energy.
c
The common temperature scales include Celsius, Fahrenheit, and ____.
Kelvin
In the formula °F = (°C × 9/5) + 32, the variable °F represents the temperature in ____ and °C represents the temperature in ____.
Fahrenheit, Celsius
Latent heat is the energy absorbed or released by a substance during a phase change without a ____ change.
temperature
The SI unit of heat is ____ and it is measured in ____ (J).
Joule, joules
Temperature is directly proportional to ____ energy, meaning as temperature increases, kinetic energy ____ as well.
kinetic, increases
The change in temperature (ΔT) is calculated as the final temperature (T2) minus the ____ temperature (T1).
initial
The specific heat capacity of water is ____ J/(kg °C) and for iron, it is ____ J/(kg °C).
4190, 500
When cooking spaghetti, to use the least energy, you should ____ the burner so the water ____ boils.
turn down, barely
Thermal expansion refers to the tendency of matter to change in shape, ____ and ____ in response to temperature changes.
volume, area
The coefficient of thermal expansion measures how much the size of a material changes with respect to ____ change and is important for ____ expansion.
temperature, linear
In solids, the change in length due to thermal expansion is calculated using the formula ΔL = L2 - L1, where L1 is the ____ length and L2 is the ____ length.
initial, final
The coefficient of volume expansion for liquids is typically ____ than that for solids because liquids expand ____ than solids.
larger, more
When a metal lid on a glass jar is too tight, running hot water over it causes the lid to ____ due to ____ expansion.
loosen, linear
The relationship between volume and linear expansion coefficients shows that for most solids, the coefficient of volume expansion is ____ times the coefficient of linear expansion.
three
When heated, the metal lid expands more than the glass jar due to its higher ____ of linear expansion, making it easier to ____ from the jar.
coefficient, unscrew
Conduction is the transfer of heat energy from one body to another without the particles moving, while ____ involves the bulk movement of a ____.
convection, fluid
In an open system, both heat and ____ can be exchanged with the surroundings, while in a closed system, only ____ can be exchanged.
mass, heat
Radiation is a mode of heat transfer where energy travels in the form of ____ waves, without needing a ____ like air or water.
electromagnetic, medium
The significant change in length of the lid compared to the glass is the key factor in ____ expansion, which is a type of ____ expansion.
differential, thermal
An isolated system is one where neither heat nor ____ can be exchanged with the ____.
mass, surroundings
Convection occurs in ____ and liquids, while conduction is associated with ____ materials.
gases, solid
An example of conduction heat transfer is a pan heating up on a ____, while a cup of hot coffee cooling down is an example of ____ heat transfer.
stove, radiation
The universe is made up of a system and its ____, where the system is the part we focus our ____ on.
surroundings, attention
Thermal expansion can be observed in materials like water, plant tissues, and ____ silk, which exhibit unique expansion properties.
spider
When burning a match, the type of thermodynamic system involved is an ____ system because both matter and ____ are exchanged.
open, energy
Heat is a form of energy measured in ____, while temperature measures the average ____ energy of particles.
joules, kinetic
The three scales of temperature measurement are Celsius, Fahrenheit, and ____.
Kelvin
One kelvin is equal in size to one ____ degree, and the Celsius scale has ____ equal divisions.
Celsius, 100
To convert Celsius to Fahrenheit, the formula is T(°F) = T(°C) × ____ + 32.
9/5
The specific heat capacity of a substance is the heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg by ____ K / ____ °C.
1, 1
Latent heat is the energy absorbed or released during a ____ change without a ____ change.
phase, temperature
The coefficient of thermal expansion measures how a material’s size changes with respect to ____ change.
temperature
Zero thermal expansion refers to a material’s ability to maintain a constant size despite changes in ____.
temperature
An example of anomalous expansion is ____ which expands upon cooling instead of contracting.
water
Spider silk is an example of a material that exhibits near-zero thermal expansion, maintaining its ____ across a range of temperatures.
structural integrity
Differential expansion occurs when different materials expand at varying rates when _____. In biology, plant tissues exhibit this phenomenon, enabling movements like _____.
heated, bending of leaves
The three methods of heat transfer are conduction, convection, and _____. Conduction is associated with _____ and involves contact.
radiation, solids
Convection is the process in which heat is carried from one place to another by the bulk movement of a _____. Radiation does not require _____ to transfer thermal energy.
fluid, matter
Specific heat capacity is a measure of how much heat energy is required to change the temperature of a substance by _____. Latent heat of fusion and vaporization are important concepts in _____.
one degree, thermodynamics
In the context of heat transfer, conduction involves direct contact, while convection involves the movement of a _____. Radiation, on the other hand, can occur in a _____.
fluid, vacuum
The difference between heat and temperature is crucial in understanding thermal dynamics. Heat is the energy transferred due to temperature differences, while temperature measures the _____.
average kinetic energy
Applications of thermal expansion can be observed in various fields, including _____. Understanding these applications is essential for fields like _____.
engineering, biology
Recommended reading for understanding thermodynamics includes chapters from the book by _____. Important pages to focus on include 326-340 and 306-315.
Cutnell
Lecture slides and notes uploaded in week 13 of the NOW Learning Room are under the name of _____. These resources are helpful for understanding _____.
Dr Tayyaba Kazim, thermodynamics
A wave is any disturbance that transfers ____ from place to place through ____ or space.
energy, matter
Mechanical waves require a ____ for propagation, while non-mechanical waves can propagate through ____.
medium, vacuum
In longitudinal waves, particles vibrate ____ to the direction of wave propagation, while in transverse waves they vibrate ____ to it.
parallel, perpendicular
X-rays are used in biology for ____ radiography, while ultraviolet radiation is used for ____ sterilization.
X-ray, UV light
The parts of a wave include amplitude, wavelength, and ____; these are essential for understanding wave ____ in biology.
frequency, motion
Gamma radiation is primarily used in biology for ____ treatment, while infrared radiation is used for ____ imaging.
cancer, thermal
The speed of waves can be explained through the relationship between wavelength and ____; this is crucial in biological studies.
frequency
Electromagnetic waves include gamma rays, X-rays, and ____; each has unique applications in ____ studies.
ultraviolet, biological
In a stadium wave, the people move up and down, but the wave itself is ____ around the stadium, illustrating wave motion without matter transfer.
propagating
Understanding the basic principles of wave motion is essential for biologists to apply waves in ____ and ____ studies.
research, medical
The ____ of a wave is the distance between two consecutive points in phase, like from crest to ____.
wavelength, trough
The ____ of a wave is the maximum displacement of a vibrating particle, while the ____ refers to a specific point in the cycle.
amplitude, phase
One complete cycle of a wave is from maximum displacement to the next maximum displacement, such as from one ____ to the next or from one ____ to the next.
crest, trough
The frequency of a wave is the number of cycles of vibration per second, measured in ____; the period is the time for one complete cycle, measured in _____.
hertz (Hz), seconds
Microwaves are used in ____ for pain relief, while visible light ranges from ____ nm to ____ nm.
Microwave Diathermy, 400, 700
The parts of a wave include displacement, wavelength, and ____; the ____ is the time for one complete cycle to pass a fixed point.
frequency, period
In microscopy, light microscopes include Brightfield, Phase-contrast, and ____; fluorescence and ____ microscopes are also used.
Darkfield, Confocal
The applications of visible light in biology include photosynthesis and ____; pulse oximetry is a method used in ____ diagnostics.
medical, medical
The amplitude of a wave is the maximum displacement from its equilibrium position, while the ____ is the number of complete waves passing a point per second.
frequency
A wave is a disturbance that carries ____ from place to place and can be classified as ____ or mechanical.
energy, non-mechanical
Transverse waves oscillate ____ to the direction of wave movement, while longitudinal waves oscillate in the ____ direction.
perpendicular, same
The electromagnetic spectrum is ordered from high to low frequency as: Gamma rays, X-rays, Ultraviolet, ____ Light, Infrared, Microwaves, and ____ waves.
Visible, Radio
