Nucleic acids and Mitosis

Question 1

In DNA, the pentose sugar is _____ while in RNA, it is _____.

Answer 1

deoxyribose, ribose

Question 2

The two main types of nitrogenous bases are _____ and _____.

Answer 2

Purines, Pyrimidines

Question 3

In DNA, the nitrogenous bases include adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and _____.

Answer 3

thymine (T)

Question 4

The structure of DNA consists of two backbone chains made of ____ and ____ groups.

Answer 4

deoxyribose, phosphate

Question 5

In DNA, the backbones are described as ____ because they run in ____ directions.

Answer 5

antiparallel, opposite

Question 6

The nitrogenous bases in DNA are joined together by ____ bonds, similar to ____ in a ladder.

Answer 6

hydrogen, rungs

Question 7

In DNA, a purine always pairs with a ____ and this pairing is known as ____ base pairing.

Answer 7

pyrimidine, complementary

Question 8

The DNA double helix was famously modeled by ____ and ____ using information from X-ray diffraction.

Answer 8

James Watson, Francis Crick

Question 9

The X-ray diffraction pattern revealed that DNA molecules are ____ in shape, as shown by ____ and Wilkins.

Answer 9

helical, Franklin

Question 10

The anti-parallel strands of DNA are confirmed by studies involving ____ and ____ crystallography.

Answer 10

DNA polymerases, X-ray

Question 11

In the DNA model, G pairs with ____ and A pairs with ____ to maintain the structure.

Answer 11

C, T

Question 12

The bonds that connect the sugar and phosphate in the DNA backbone are called ____ bonds.

Answer 12

phosphodiester

Question 13

The sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA is essential for its ____ and ____ stability.

Answer 13

structural, functional

Question 14

In DNA, the nitrogenous bases include Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and _____, while in RNA, the bases include Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and _____.

Answer 14

Thymine, Uracil

Question 15

The process of _____ involves mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA, which are essential for _____ in the cell.

Answer 15

transcription and translation, protein synthesis

Question 16

RNA is a single-stranded polynucleotide that contains the sugar _____ instead of deoxyribose, and it has _____ instead of thymine.

Answer 16

ribose, uracil

Question 17

The complementary base pairing in DNA involves hydrogen bonding between Adenine and _____, as well as between Guanine and _____.

Answer 17

Thymine, Cytosine

Question 18

siRNA is typically _____ to _____ nucleotides long and plays a role in regulating gene _____.

Answer 18

20, 30, expression

Question 19

The three main types of RNA involved in protein synthesis are mRNA, tRNA, and _____, each serving a unique function in the _____.

Answer 19

rRNA, process

Question 20

In RNA, the nitrogenous base that replaces thymine is called _____, and it pairs with _____ during the transcription process.

Answer 20

uracil, adenine

Question 21

The structure of RNA is linked to its function in that it is _____-stranded, allowing it to be more _____ than DNA.

Answer 21

single, versatile

Question 22

The pentose sugar found in RNA is _____, while in DNA, the sugar is _____.

Answer 22

ribose, deoxyribose

Question 23

The main function of tRNA is to transfer _____ to the ribosome, while mRNA carries the _____ from DNA to the ribosome.

Answer 23

amino acids, genetic information