Cell Structures

Question 1

The fundamental structural and functional unit of every organism is called a ____ and can be either ____ or ____.

Answer 1

cell, prokaryotic, eukaryotic

Question 2

Prokaryotic cells are found in the domains ____ and ____ while eukaryotic cells belong to the domain ____.

Answer 2

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

Question 3

Common features of all cell types include the ____ membrane, ____ material, and ____.

Answer 3

cell, genetic, ribosomes

Question 4

The semi-permeable membrane that separates the intra-cellular environment from the extra-cellular environment is called the ____ and it is found in ____ types of cells.

Answer 4

cell membrane, all

Question 5

Ribosomes are known as the ‘protein factories’ of the cell and are comprised of ____ and ____.

Answer 5

ribosomal RNA, protein

Question 6

The cell interior that holds cellular organelles is known as the ____ and is described as ____-fluid.

Answer 6

cytoplasm, semi

Question 7

Eukaryotic cells contain a ____ which is absent in prokaryotic cells, along with other organelles like ____ and ____.

Answer 7

nucleus, ribosomes, cytoplasm

Question 8

The domains of life include Bacteria, Archaea, and ____ which are all classified based on their ____ structure.

Answer 8

Eukaryota, cell

Question 9

To distinguish between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, we look at features such as the ____ membrane, ____ and ____ material.

Answer 9

cell, ribosomes, DNA

Question 10

In prokaryotic cells, the genetic material is typically found in a region called the ____ while in eukaryotic cells it is contained within the ____.

Answer 10

nucleoid, nucleus

Question 11

All cells, whether prokaryotic or eukaryotic, have a _____, _____, and _____ that are essential for their function.

Answer 11

plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes

Question 12

The primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is the presence of a _____ in eukaryotic cells and the _____ in prokaryotic cells.

Answer 12

nucleus, nucleoid

Question 13

In prokaryotic cells, the DNA is found in a _____ region, while in eukaryotic cells, it is found in a _____ organelle.

Answer 13

non-membrane bound, membrane-bound

Question 14

Microscopy techniques such as _____, _____, and _____ are essential for studying cells and their organelles.

Answer 14

light microscopy, phase contrast microscopy, electron microscopy

Question 15

Cell fractionation is a method used to separate _____ and _____ for further study in cellular research.

Answer 15

cellular components, organelles

Question 16

Electron micrographs provide detailed information about the _____ and _____ of cells and their organelles.

Answer 16

structure, morphology

Question 17

The tools of _____ and _____ have allowed scientists to understand what cells are made of and their functions.

Answer 17

microscopy, biochemistry

Question 18

Prokaryotic cells lack a _____, which is a defining feature that distinguishes them from _____ cells.

Answer 18

nucleus, eukaryotic

Question 19

All cells share certain components, including _____, _____, and _____, which are vital for life.

Answer 19

plasma membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material

Question 20

The cell membrane is a ____ membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and is approximately ____ thick.

Answer 20

selectively-permeable, 7.5nm

Question 21

The phospholipid bilayer is comprised of a hydrophilic ____ head and a hydrophobic ____ tail.

Answer 21

phosphate, lipid

Question 22

The fluid mosaic model describes the structure of the cell membrane, which includes transport proteins, glycoproteins, and ____ molecules.

Answer 22

cholesterol

Question 23

Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules, meaning they have both a hydrophilic ____ and a hydrophobic ____ .

Answer 23

head, tail

Question 24

The cell membrane plays a role in cell signaling and controls the entry and exit of substances through processes like ____ and ____.

Answer 24

diffusion, osmosis

Question 25

Endocytosis and exocytosis are mechanisms used to move ____ substances into and out of cells, while diffusion is a process that occurs ____ the concentration gradient.

Answer 25

larger, along

Question 26

The cell membrane separates the intracellular and extracellular environments and supports the ____ of the cell.

Answer 26

shape

Question 27

Transport across the membrane can occur by active transport, which requires ____, or passive methods like diffusion and osmosis that do not require ____ .

Answer 27

ATP, energy

Question 28

The lipid characteristics influence the fluidity of the membrane, which is essential for maintaining ____ and selective ____ .

Answer 28

stability, permeability

Question 29

The process of moving substances across the cell membrane can occur through ____ diffusion and ____ transport.

Answer 29

facilitated, active

Question 30

Plant cells have a cell wall that is primarily made of ____ and provides ____ and support.

Answer 30

cellulose, protection

Question 31

Young plants secrete ____ cell walls, while mature plants may develop a ____ cell wall for added strength.

Answer 31

flexible, secondary

Question 32

The lamella is a pectin-rich layer found between the ____ of plant cells and provides ____ to the structure.

Answer 32

cell walls, stability

Question 33

The cell wall helps maintain the shape of the plant cell and allows for the development of ____ pressure.

Answer 33

turgor

Question 34

Cell walls are not exclusive to plants; some ____ and ____ also possess cell walls for protection.

Answer 34

prokaryotes, fungi

Question 35

The primary function of the cell wall includes providing tensile strength, preventing excessive ____ of water, and offering ____ to the cell.

Answer 35

uptake, support

Question 36

Cellulose microfibrils are synthesized using the enzyme ____ and are secreted into the ____ space.

Answer 36

cellulose synthase, extracellular

Question 37

The chemical composition of cell walls can vary depending on the ____ of the plant species.

Answer 37

species

Question 38

Woody plants often feature several ____ cell walls that provide additional support and ____ to the plant.

Answer 38

secondary, protection