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Neuro Test 3 > PHYS: Voluntary Motion > Flashcards

PHYS: Voluntary Motion Flashcards

1
Q

What areas are associated with the control of voluntary motion?

A
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2
Q

The dorsal visual pathway contains axons from the occipital cortex that travel to the parietal/frontal lobe and this input allows us to:

A

Complete motor acts based on visual input

Ex. catching a ball

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3
Q

What does VIP (ventral intraparietal area) do?

A

Creates a rough map of the space around you

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4
Q

What does F4 do?

What are they excited by?

A

Creates a detailed map of the space around you.

Proximity (the closer the object, the more likely to fire)

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5
Q

Where is F2 located? What does it do?

A

In the premotor cortex

Map of Body

It is the end result of the dorsal pathway (reaching), and constructs a related map of where your arm is in relationship to your body + the things around you

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6
Q

What is the order of the dorsal (reaching) pathway?

A
  1. Visual cortex
  2. VIP (rough map)
  3. F4 (detailed map)
  4. F2 (related map pf body + space)
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7
Q

The anterior intraparietal area + PFG are involved in what pathway? They respond to what neurons?

A

Grasping

Visuomotor Neurons (need to see + motor)

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8
Q

What is the function of F5 neurons?

A

They fire w/ the goal of the action (no motor)

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9
Q

What is the pathway for grasping an object?

A
  1. PFG/AIP
  2. F5
  3. sends sensory info required to move to premotor cortex
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10
Q

Both, grasping + reaching an object are what visual pathway?

Do these encode a motor act?

A

Dorsal visual pathway

No

This pathway applies the rules that determine whether it is appropriate to move

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11
Q

What is the function of the premotor cortex?

A

It identifies the intent of motion and decides what motion to produce.

Determins whether itis okay to move

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12
Q

What two divisions make up the supplementary motor cortex?

A
  1. Supplementary motor area (SMA) - postural control
  2. Pre-supplementary area (Pre-SMA) - plans the motor program required to make the action occur

(sequence of motion)

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13
Q

Organizing motor sequences acquireing motor skills, + executive control = what area?

A

Supplementary Motor Cortex

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14
Q

The primary motor cortex does what?

A

Codes the individual motions required to reach the goal.

Its arranged in 6 columns –> stimulation of any given column produces a specific mvmt (greys anatomy brain surgery)

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15
Q

Which layer of the primary motor cortex recieves sensory input?

A

4

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16
Q

Which layer of the primary motor cortex becomes the output for the corticospinal pathway?

A

Layer 5

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17
Q

What 2 sets of neurons are found in each column?

A

One to start motion

One to maintain motion

18
Q

What do neighboring columns contain?

A

Related motions

19
Q

What are the 2 kinds og columns?

A
  1. = on/off agonist muscle
  2. on/off antagonist muscle
20
Q

What is the role of the cerebellum in producing voluntary motion?

A

Sequencing complex actions

Correct force/direction

Balance + eye movements

Learning of complex actions

21
Q

What is the spinocerebellum responsible for?

A

central - postural control

vermis - force + direction

ballistic motions

22
Q

What is the cerebrocerebellum responsible for?

A

Sequence (ex. steps of a surgery, muscians) + plan complex motions + learning

23
Q

Future balance + eye mvmts is taken care of by?

A

Vestibulocerebellum

24
Q

Input: Vestibular

Output: Vestibular n.

A

Vestibulocerebellum

25
Q

What are the inputs + outputs for cerebrocerebellum?

A

Input: cerebral cortex related to motion

output: dentate n.

26
Q

Inputs + outputs for spinocerevellum (lateral):

A

Imput: efferent copy + muscle afferent info

Output: Interpositus

27
Q

Spinocerebellum (vermis) iputs + outputs:

A

Imputs: efferent copy, vestibular, hearing + auditory input

output: interpositus + fastigial n.

28
Q

How does the basal ganglia aid in voluntary motion?

How?

A

They help initiate mvmt + plan and program it (control beginning + end)

Via inhibition (GABA) + withdraw of that inhibition

29
Q

What is the nigrostriatal path in the basal ganglia?

A

It goes from SNPC (substantia niagra pars compacta) –> Striatum

Tonically active

Has dopamine (indicates 2 pathways)

30
Q

Which basal ganglia pathway uses D1 vs D2?

A

D1 = Direct

D2 = Indirect

31
Q

What is the direct pathway?

A

D1 receptors

Excited by dopamine

Allows motion

32
Q

What is the indirect pathway?

A

D2

I = inhibts motion when active

Inhibited by dopamine

Excited by EAA/Ach

33
Q

Describe the striational GABA-ergic pathway:

A

Direct pathway

34
Q

Describe the indirect pathway:

-which step is excitatory (EAA)

A

-subthalamic nucleus –> SNPR + GPi

35
Q

To produce motion we must: ______ the direct pathway + _______ the indirect pathway.

A

activate direct

inactivate indirect

36
Q

Review:

A
37
Q

How do we inhibit motion?

A

By activating the indirect pathway via the intrastriatal cholinergic pathway

38
Q

Planning of complex motor actions + carrying out of “thought” processes happens where?

A

Prefrontal cortex

39
Q

In order to plan complex motor actions, what area gets involved?

A

Parieto-temporal-occipital association area + motor cortex (supplementary motor cortex + premotor cortex) + cerebrocerebellum

40
Q

Interactions between the frontal, premotor, SMC, and the basal ganglia determine:

A

IF the motion will occur

41
Q

Once the motion is planned + approved, columns in the primary motor cortex are activated and carry the action potentials of the pyramidal cells to the alpha-motor neurons to innervate the muscles needed to complete the motion.

A

The brain activates the alpha AND gamma motor neurons so that the muscle spindle doesn’t change its firing rate. To stretch the muscle, they BOTH will be inhibited.

42
Q

Once motion has started, what is called upon to make sure the motion is correct?

A

Spinocerebellum

Neuro Test 3 (18 decks)

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