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Neuro Test 3 > GA: Auditory Pathways > Flashcards

GA: Auditory Pathways Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types of auditory pathways?

A
  1. Primary afferent CN 8 cochlear part
  2. Cochclear nuclei
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2
Q

Where are cell bodies located in the primary afferent CN 8 cochlear part?

A

In the spiral ganglion

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3
Q

Horizontal localization of the sound is accomplished via?

A

Ventral cochlear nucleus

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4
Q

Identifying sound source elevation is accomplished via?

A

Dorsal cochlear nucleus

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5
Q

In a monaural tract, information about sounds from a single ear is routed to?

A

The contralateral side

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6
Q

Where do monaural tracts cross?

A

In the dorsal cochlear nucleus (via dorsal acoustic stria)

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7
Q

What is the pathway for the monaural tract?

A

Dorsal cochlear nucleus –> cross –> lateral lemniscus (ascend) –> Brachium of Inferior Colliculus –> Medial geniculate nucleus –> Primary auditory complex (Heschl’s gyrus)

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8
Q

What is binaural information?

A

Information about differences between sounds at both ears

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9
Q

Where does binaural information project bilaterally to?

A

Trapezoid body

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10
Q

What is the tract for binaural information?

A

Ventral cochlear nuclei –>bilateral to trapezoid body –> superior olivary complex –> lateral leminiscus –> brachium of inferior colliculus –> medial geniculate nucleus –> layer 4 of primary auditory cortex (Heschl’s gyrus)

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11
Q

For auditory paths, where does everything eventually synapse?

A

Primary auditory complex

Medial geniculate nucleus

Inferior colliculus

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12
Q
A
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13
Q

If you damage some of the itty bitty auditory pathways, will you go deaf?

A

NO

There is way too much crossing in the auditory pathways.

crosses @ trapezoid body, posterior acoustic stria, commissure of inferior colliculus

But, you will have trouble localizing sound.

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14
Q

Define conduction deafness:

A

External/middle ear problem from an obstruction that prevents sound from crossing the tympanic membrane properly.

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15
Q

If you have damage to the cochlear part of CN 8 what happens?

A

Ipsilateral deafness

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16
Q

If you have damage to the central pathways in the ear what happens?

A

You won’t be able to localize sound

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17
Q

Blood supply for the cochlea + auditory nuclei of pons + medulla:

A

Basilar A.

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18
Q

Which artery supplies the inner ear + cochlear nuclei?

A

Internal auditory (labyrinthine) A. –> branch off AICA

19
Q

What type of hearing loss will you get if you occlude the AICA?

A

Monaural hearing loss w/ possible ips. facial paralysis (facial N. runs through there)

20
Q

What do the short circumferential branches of the basilar A. supply?

A

Superior olivary complex + lateral leminiscus

21
Q

What supplies the inferior colliculus?

A

Superior cerebellar + quadrigeminal A.’s

22
Q

What do the thalamogeniculate A.’s supply?

A

the medial geniculate bodies

23
Q

What supplies the primary auditory + association cortices?

A

M2 segment of the middle cerebral A.

24
Q

Which hemisphere is dominant in 94% of adults?

A

Left

Rt. handed = left side dominant

25
Q

What does Wernicke’s area do?

A

Comprehension of spoken language

Trying to think of a word

26
Q

What does Broca’s area do?

A

Produces speech (motor aspect)

grammar

Instructions for language output

27
Q

What is the function of the area analogous to Wernicke’s?

A

Interpreting nonverbal signals from other people

Sarcasm

Pitch/tone of voice to phrase as a question

28
Q

What is the function of the area analogous to Broca’s area?

A

Instructions for producing non-verbal communication including emotional gestures + intonation of speech

29
Q

What is the function of the arcuate fibers and what do they connect?

A

Arcuate fibers allow you to repeat things (word repitition)

They connect Wernicke’s + Brocas

30
Q
A
31
Q

In the parietal lobe, what 3 things form Wernicke’s area?

A
  1. Superficial temporal gyrus
  2. Angular gyrus
  3. Supramarginal gyrus
32
Q

What does the lateral temporal cortex do?

A

Word recognition

33
Q

What does motor programs for articulation?

A

Dorsal premotor cortex

34
Q

The inability to describe a sound that has been heard (ex. fire alarm) =

A

Auditory agnosia

35
Q

A lesion of the unimodal sensory association cortex produces what symptom?

A

auditory agnosia

36
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia is due to a lesion of wernicke’s area (temporal). What does this mean?

A

They can’t understand what is being said to them. They can speak fine, but like if you say the word cat, it means nothing to them. If you talk to them their responses back to you won’t make sense.

They aren’t really aware that they can’t understand you. They can’t read/write

37
Q

If someone has lost the abillity to speak fluently, this likely means they have a lesion in ___________.

A

Broca’s area (left inferior frontal gyrus)

They often get frustrated + depressed and leave out their ands, ifs, and buts (less severe). More severe = mutism

38
Q

A global lesion means:

A

Both Wernickes + Brocas areas got hit (lesion of lateral sulcus), and the person won’t even speak usually.

39
Q

An infarction in the ACA-MCA border zone produces:

A

Transcortical motor lesion

40
Q

An infarction in the MCA-PCA border zone produces:

A

Transcortical sensory lesion

41
Q

A lesion of the supramarginal gyrus + arcuate fasciculus causes what?

A

Conduction aphasia

-can’t repeat, but fluency = intact

42
Q

How does a transcortical motor aphasia present?

A

Like Broca’s but CAN REPEAT

43
Q

What is anomic aphasia?

A

They can’t think of what the word is

44
Q

How does transcortical sensory aphasia present?

A

Like Wernicke’s, but they CAN REPEAT

Neuro Test 3 (18 decks)

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