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Neuro Test 3 > GA: Cerebellum > Flashcards

GA: Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general functions of the cerebellum?

A

Coordinating mvmts

Maintaining Posture

Motor Learning (Procedural memory)

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2
Q

What is this?

A

Cerebellum

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3
Q

How is gray matter organized in the cerebellum?

A

Molecular layer (by pia mater)

Purkinje layer

Granular layer

White Matter

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4
Q

What is special about granule cells?

A

They are the only excitatory neurons (n gray matter)

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5
Q

What type of cells are purkinje cells?

A

Efferents (output)

*not motor, just take things out from the cerebellar cortex*

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6
Q

Stellate cells, Golgi cells, and basket cells do what?

A

Synapse on purkinje cells and inhibit them

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7
Q

What are the 2 types of afferent fibers in the cerebellum?

*bring info into the cerebellum*

A
  1. Climbing fibers
  2. Mossy fibers
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8
Q

Where do climbing fibers come from and where do they synapse?

A

From the inferior olive –> purkinje cells

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9
Q

Information regarding movement errors is conveyed via which fibers?

A

Climbing fibers

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10
Q

Where do mossy fibers come from and where do they go?

A

From the SC, Reticular formation, vestibular + pontine nuclei –> granulocytes

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11
Q

Somatosensory, arousal, equilibrium, and cerebral cortex motor info is conveyed to the cerebellum via which fibers?

A

Mossy fibers

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12
Q

What is special about the afferent fibers of the cerebellum (climbing + mossy)?

A

They are EXCITATORY!

They also send collateral branches to deep cerebellar nuclei.

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13
Q

What are the 3 different functional divisions of the cerebellum?

A
  1. Vestibulocerebellum
  2. Spinocerebellum
  3. Cerebrocerebellum
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14
Q

Vestibulocerebellum:

-functional name + function

A

Flocculonodular lobe

Functions to influence eye movements + postural muscles of the head and body (neck + trunk gravity, balance)

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15
Q

-Spinocerebellum

Functional name + function

A

Vermis (medial)+ Paravermal region

It controls ongoing movements via the brainstem + descending tracts

Gait + Station

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16
Q

Cerebrocerebellum

Functional name + function

A

Input from the cerebral cortex via the pontine nuclei

Functions in precise, fine mvmt (via coordinating voluntary mvmts, planning of mvmts, and timing of extremities)

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17
Q

Climbing fibers use the __________ pathway to enter the cerebellum.

A

Cortico-olivocerebellar pathway in the cerebral cortex

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18
Q

Pathways in the Vestibular system, SC, and cerebral cortex are used by ______ fibers to enter the cerebellum.

A

mossy

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19
Q

What is important about the anterior spinal cerebellar tract?

A

It crosses TWICE

20
Q

In the cerebellum, there are 2 afferent pathways carrying information about unconsicious proprioception about limb movement in the SC.

The pathway for the lower limb =

The pathway for the upper limb =

A

Lower limb = Posterior spinocerebellar tract

Upper Limb = Cuneocerebellar tract

21
Q

The afferent posterior spinocerebellar tract (leg) and cuneocerebellar tract (arm) are _____________.

A

IPSILATERAL

22
Q

What are the steps for the posterior spinocerebellar tract?

A

(1) DRG –> Gracile fasciculus (leg)

Synpase in nucleus dorsalis of Clark

(2) Dorsolateral funiculus (posterior spinocerebellar tract)

Enters cerebellum via inferior cerebellar peduncle (rustaform body)

23
Q

What is the pathway for the cuneocerebellar tract?

A

(1) DRG –> accessory/external cuneate fasciculus (arm)
(2) enters cerebellum via inferior cerebellar nucleus

24
Q

Are the cerebellar peduncles afferent or efferent?

A

Afferent

25
Q

What runs in the superior cerebellar peduncle?

A

Afferent fibers from the ventral (anterior) spinocerebellar tract

(and some efferent nuclei)

26
Q

What runs in the middle cerebellar peduncle?

A

Afferent fibers from pontine nuclei

27
Q

What runs in the inferior cerebellar peduncle?

A

Primarily afferent pathways from SC

28
Q

How does the vestibulocerebellum pathway leave the vestibular nucleus?

A

Via juxtareciform body by inferior cerebellar peduncle.

29
Q

Deep nuclei of cerebellar gray matter

A
30
Q

Say out loud the diagram with the 3 functional units of the cerebellum (its on this ppt like 7 times)

*clobose = paravermal and fastigial (vermis)

A
31
Q
A
32
Q
A
33
Q
A
34
Q

In the cerebellum, unilateral lesions affeect the ___________ side.

A

Ipsilateral

35
Q

What is a common finding anytime you have a cerebellar lesion?

A

Ataxia

(Voluntary, normal strength, jerky, and inaccurate movements not associated with hyperstiffness)

36
Q

What happens if you have a lesion of the vestibulocerebellum (connections between the vestiblar system + flocculonodular lobe)?

A

Nystagmus

Truncal ataxia (can’t maintain balance)

Truncal instability (can’t tandem walk –> field sobriety test)

37
Q

What happens if you get a lesion between the SC & vermis/paravermis (spinocerebellum)?

A

Gait + Truncal ataxia (wide base)

38
Q

What is it called when you have ataxic syndromes caused by both vestibulocerebellar + spinocerebellar lesions?

A

Midline ataxia

39
Q

What symptoms present in midline ataxia?

A

truncal instability –> titubation (tremor of trunk)

Equilibratory (gait) ataxias –> wide base, irregular steps

40
Q

What symptoms does a patient present with if they have a lesion of the cerebrocerebellum?

A

Dysarthria (slurred speech)

Ataxic gait

Deompostion of mvmts

Limb ataxia:

  • Dysdiadocokinesia, dysmetria, action tremor
41
Q

Limb ataxia:

  1. Dysdiadochokinesia =
  2. Dysmetria =
  3. Action tremor =
A
  1. Dysdiachokinesia = can’t rapidly aternate mvmts (tapping fingers)
  2. Dysmetria = can’t move an intended distance (finger to nose, pulling elbow)
  3. Action tremor = shaking of limb
42
Q

What is appendicular ataxia?

A

Results from dysfunction of the cerebellar hemispheres. You get speech ataxia (scanning dysarthria)

43
Q

Does cerebellar ataxia or sensory ataxia have abnormal vibratory sense + proprioception + ankle reflexes?

A

Sensory ataxia

44
Q

In _______ ataxia the romberg test = postive, but proprioception is intact.

A

Cerebellar ataxia

45
Q

These things test what?

Station

Walking

Tandem gait (drunk test)

A

Vestibulocerebellum + Spinocerebellum

46
Q

These things test what?

Rapid alternating mvmts

Finger-to-nose

heel-to-shin

rebound reflex

speech

A

Cerebrocerebellum

Neuro Test 3 (18 decks)

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