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Neuro Test 3 > GA: Basal Ganglia > Flashcards

GA: Basal Ganglia Flashcards

1
Q

These components form what?

  • Caudate
  • Putamen
  • Globus Pallidus
  • Subthalamic nucleus
  • Substantia nigra
A

Basal Ganglia

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2
Q

What is the function of the caudate?

A

eye mvmts + cognition

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3
Q

What is the function of the putamen?

A

motor function

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4
Q

What is the function of the globus pallidus?

-has internus (medius) & externus (lateralis)

A

Main output

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5
Q

The substantia nigra has 2 parts: pars reticulata + pars compacta, what are there functions?

A

In general: substantia nigra = input/output

pars reticulata = output

pars compacta = input

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6
Q

What makes up the striatum in the basal ganglia?

A

Caudate (eyes) + Putamen (motor)

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7
Q

What makes up the lenticular nucleus in the basal ganglia?

A

Putamen (motor) + Globus Pallidus (output)

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8
Q

What makes up the ventral striatum (input) in the basal ganglia?

A

Nucleus accumbens (emotion) + Olfactory tubercle

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9
Q

What makes up the ventral pallidum in the basal nuclei?

A

Substantia innominata

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10
Q

Where is:

  • head of caudate nucleus
  • internal capsule
  • putamen
  • globus pallidus
  • ventral striatum
  • ventral pallidum
A
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11
Q

What passes through the post. limb? and under?

A

Through = lenticular fasciculus

Under = ansa lenticularis

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12
Q

What 3 things make up the input nuclei of the basal ganglia?

A
  1. caudate nucleus
  2. Putamen
  3. Nucleus acumbens
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13
Q

What is the function of the nucleus accumbens?

A

Mediates emotions

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14
Q

What 3 things make up the output nuclei of the basal ganglia?

A
  1. Internal segment of globus pallidus (motor - limb + trunk control)
  2. Substantia nigra pars reticulate (cognition + eye control)
  3. Ventral pallidum (emotions)
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15
Q

Basal ganglia are strongly interconnected with the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and brainstem, as well as several other brain areas. The basal ganglia are associated with a variety of functions, including control of voluntary motor movements, procedural learning, habit learning, eye movements, cognition, and emotion.

A
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16
Q

What is the order of which information flows in the basal ganglia?

A
17
Q

What is the direct pathway of the basal ganglia?

A
18
Q

What is the indirect pathway for the basal ganglia?

  • what is inhibitory?
  • striatum = putamen
A

Ex. of indirect pathway = If you are kicking a ball, it prevents all that unwanted mvmt from coming through

19
Q

The Direct + indirect pathways are part of what parallel circuit?

A

Skeletomotor loop

-Role in the control of facial, limb, and trunk musculature

20
Q

Which parallel circuit controls saccadic eye movements?

A

Oculomotor loop

21
Q

Which parallel circuit has a role in ocgnition + executive behavior functions?

A

Associative loop

22
Q

Which parellel circuit participates i the motivational regulation of behavior and in emotion + motivation?

A

Limbic loop

-Ventral striatum = nucleus accumbens

23
Q

What causes Parkinsons Disease?

A

Neurons from the substantia nigra do not release enough dopamine onto basal ganglia and the cells die

Possibly treat with dopamine?

-In picture the substantia niagra has died

24
Q

Is Parkinson’s a hypo- or hyper- disorder?

A

hypo

  • hypokinesia (decreasing range of mvmt)
  • bradykinesia (slow mvmt)
25
Q
  • A mask-like facial expresion
  • Pill-rolling tremor
  • Flexion of trunk
  • slow, shuffiling mvmts
  • rigidity
  • visuoperceptive impairments
A

Parkinson’s

26
Q

What causes the hypokinetic effect of Parkinsons’s?

A

Too little direct pathway or too much indirect pathway

27
Q

When does Parkinsons’s start?

A

Progressive disease striking victims at age 60

28
Q

When do you see symptoms of Huntingtons? Is it genetic?

Huntington’s = HOUSE

A

Huntington;s is a progressive disease with onset at age 45.

It is AD! (not good)

29
Q

What causes Huntington’s?

A

Degeneration of neurons in the striatum (caudate + putamen) + cerebral cortex resulting in decreased GABA. –> can’t inhibit mvmts

30
Q

Involuntary, jerky, rapid movements, and dementia describe what disease?

-also they can’t stick out their tongue

A

Huntington’s

31
Q

How do you treat Huntington’s?

A

Tetrabenazine (seratonin antagonist)

32
Q

What other things can cause hyperkinetic disorders besides huntington’s?

A

Sydenham chorea (untreated strep)

-Graves (thyrotoxicosis

33
Q

Chorea

Athetosis

Ballismus

Dystonia

All describe what type of disorder?

A

Hyperkinetic movement disorders

34
Q

Spontaneous, rapid, jerky, arrhythmic involuntary mvmts which are not on purpose describe what?

A

Chorea

35
Q

Inability to sustain the body part in one position, or continual slow “snake-like” mvmts describes?

A

Athetosis

36
Q

Uncontrolled flailing/flinging of an extremity often seen in lesions of the contralateral subthalamic nucleus describes?

A

Ballismus

37
Q

An arm getting “stuck” in one position describes?

A

Dystonia

38
Q

Why do hyperkinetic disorders occur?

A

When there is not enough indirect pathway effect

Neuro Test 3 (18 decks)

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