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Neuro Test 3 > PHYS: Olfaction + Gustation > Flashcards

PHYS: Olfaction + Gustation Flashcards

1
Q

Umami senses?

A

Glutamate

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2
Q

Bitter senses?

A

Posions!

Coffee

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3
Q

What happens when a taste cell gets activated?

A

It depolarizes

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4
Q

Sour + salty trigger what?

A

A calcium-triggered release of seratonin

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5
Q

Sweet, bitter, + umami (SUB) trigger what?

A

calcium-triggered release of ATP

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

Salty opens up _______ channel to secrete ______.

A

Salty = Epithelial Na+ Channel (ENaC)

releases 5-HT (seratonin)

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8
Q

Sour is evoked by _____ and causes a ______ release.

A

Sour = evoked by H+ (acidic)

releases seratonin

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9
Q

Sweet, Umami, and Bitter use what type of channel to increase Ca+ leading to depolarization and secretion of ATP?

A

GPCR

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10
Q

What specific GPCR does umami use?

A

mGluR4

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11
Q

Why do GPCRs have such high binding affinity?

A

bitter stuff is usually poison, so it binds with high affinity to save you from eating posionous stuff (evolutionarily helpful)

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12
Q

What innervates taste buds?

Where do they terminate?

A

Special visceral afferent neurons

Terminate in the nucleus solitarius (gustatory area)

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13
Q

We know that CN 7 innervates the ant. tongue, but what get the rest of it + the epiglottis?

A

Post. tongue = 9

Epiglottis = 10

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14
Q

7 =

9=

10 =

A

7 = geniculate ganglia

9 = petrosal ganglia

10 = nodose ganglia

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15
Q

What makes up the “gustatory cortex”?

A

Just the purple

Postcentral gyrus

Frontal operculum

Insula

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16
Q

What is the pathway for ascending taste?

A

Nucleus tractus solitarius –> VPM –> post. limb of IC –> terminate in postcentral gyrus, frontal operculum, insular cortex

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17
Q

What is responsible for hunger? (mechanism of eating)

A

Hypothalamus

18
Q

What is responsible for discrimitive aspects of taste?

A

VPM of thalamus

19
Q

What integrates visual, somatosensory, olfaction, and gustatory stimuli?

A

Gustaory cortex

20
Q

What is responsible for the emotional aspect of eating + memories of eating?

A

Amygdala

21
Q

What preforms the medullary reflex arcs that allow us to swallow + salivate?

A

Nucleus tractus solitarius

22
Q

What is the function of the Golf receptor? (listen to lecture)

A

On odorant stimulates it

23
Q

Golf stimulates –>

A

Adenylyl cyclase –> increases cAMP –> opens CNGC (cyclic nucleotide gated channels)

And if an odor persists then CGNC = desensitized or inactivated. It allows you to adapt or “get used to” a smell, so that you don’t notice it anymore.

24
Q

A high concentration of an odor smells like poop.

concentration matters

A
25
Q

What cells are found in the olfactory bulb?

A

Mitral cells, granule cells, periglomerular cells

26
Q

Which cells release GABA?

A

Granular + Perislomerular (interneurons)

27
Q

What do olfactory neurons release?

A

Glutamate

28
Q

What is the only sensory system that does not route through the thalamus before connecting to the cortex?

A

Olfactory (smell)

29
Q
A
30
Q

What is the function of the anterior olfactory nucleus?

A

Relay station to the cortices

31
Q

The piriform cortex —> lateral hypothalamus functions in?

A

Control of appetite/hunger

32
Q

Piriform cortex –> thalamus –> medial orbitofrontal cortex functions to?

A

Integrate taste, sight, and smell

Appriciate food

33
Q

The anterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus functions in?

A

emotional learning

olfactory fear conditioning

34
Q

The periamygdaloid cortex functions in?

A

Emotional aspect of an odor

(like when I smell dead bird)

35
Q

Lateral entorhinal cortex —> hippocampus

A

Important in memory formation + recall

36
Q

Are taste receptors neurons?

A

no they are modified epithelia cells w/:

  1. Fixed permeability (stay open @ rest)
  2. Shifting Na+ gradient
37
Q

How do you describe olfactory receptors?

A

They are neurons:

  1. Fixed Na+ gradient
  2. Shifting permeability
38
Q

To get “flavor” what 3 things do you need input from?

A
  1. Gustatory cortex
  2. Olfactory cortex
  3. Somatosensory from mouth

MEDIAL ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX

39
Q

When you get a cold and thickened mucus blocks odorants from binding, what is this called?

A

Reversible hyposmia

40
Q

Why is smell strongly correlated w/ memory?

A

Because, the hippocampus + amygdala = limbic system —> mood + emotions

They associate an emotional response w/ odors. Thats why if you had a traumatic experience and smell something like it it will bring you back. They also allow for memories after the odor stops.

Neuro Test 3 (18 decks)

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