PHYS 4 Pregnancy, Parturition, and Lactation

Question 1

the mature placenta

composed of 3 major structures?

functional unit of placenta?

what arteries supply what space? drain?

Answer 1

Question 2

placenta is the major ___ between ____ and _____

acts as the fetal (4)?

Answer 2

Question 3

maternal blood flow

blood enters in what manner? through? moves into?

trapped where?

blood bathes what? after maternal blood drains where?

Capillaries?

Answer 3

Question 4

factors regulating maternal blood flow

principal factors: 3

uterine contractions affect how?

Answer 4

Question 5

fetal blood flow

originates where? carry what type of blood?

comes back in?

two amniotic fluid functions? (one with circulation)

Answer 5

Question 6

what moves across placenta?

PO2 in the intervillous space?

Answer 6

Question 7

mechanisms of ensuring adequate fetal oxygenation

why doesnt fetus suffer from the relatively lower Po2 of maternal blood in intervillous space?

other mechanisms?

Answer 7

Question 8

movement across the placenta

waste products urea and creatine?

lipid-soluble hormones?

glucose?

aa?

vitamins and minerals?

LDL, trasferrin, ab?

Answer 8

Question 9

endocrine function of the placenta?

what produces steroids and protein hormones?

functions include?

Answer 9

Question 10

what main 4 will it make?

Answer 10

hCG

hPL

progesterone

estradiol

Question 11

first hormone produced by syncytiotrophoblasts?

composed of what subunits? preg test look for?

binds with high affinity to?

half-life?

accumulate wehre? detectable when? hCG levels? peak when?

primary action is to?

morning sickness?

Answer 11

Question 12

hPL

produced in? structurally similar to? can be detected when? where? levels throughout?

actions?

antagonistic to? contributing to?

this causes?

Answer 12

Question 13

progesterone

what produces a high amount? which is required to maintain? released primarily where?

regulation?

throughout pregnancy?

Answer 13

Question 14

estrogen

produced by?

DHEAS released from? converted by?

production dependent on? major estrogen in pregnancy? so can be used to?

functions?

one function involved in parturition?

Answer 14

Question 15

progesterone biosynthesis by syncytiotrophoblast

Answer 15

Question 16

synchronization of the human menstrual cycle with fertilization and early embryogenesis

just before ovulation the ovary is in what stage? and produces? what does this do/cause?

events between fert and implant take how long to complete? implantation occurs at day?

ovary is in what phase at this point? and secretes?

Answer 16

Question 17

synchronization of the human menstrual cycle with fertilization and early embryogenesis

continuation

progesterone stims? what type of nutrition? how long is this important?

progesterone inhibits?

Answer 17

Question 18

synchronization of the human menstrual cycle with fertilization and early embryogenesis

continue 3

progesterone induces __________ in uterine endometrium? which exists from?

this phase is associated with?

Answer 18

Question 19

synchronization of the human menstrual cycle with fertilization and early embryogenesis

continue final

during implantation endometrium is?

uterine endometrium and vasucular?

spiral arteries? blood supply adjacent to surface epi important in?

endo blood supply important for delivery of?

Answer 19

Question 20

during pregnancy what rise to levels that are substantially higher than peaks in a normal cycle?

this is necessary for?

progesterone in particular?

Answer 20

Question 21

elevated levels of progesterone and estrogen are achieved by? (pregnancy)

2

Answer 21

Question 22

maternal-placental-fetal unit

after 8 weeks of gestation this unit does what?

placenta needs what?

Answer 22

Question 23

maternal-placental-fetal unit part 2

placenta is an imperfect endocrine organ

how so?

overcome this limit in 2 ways?

Answer 23

Question 24

maternal-placental-fetal unit part 3

fetus does not synthesize estrogens without assistance due to?

this is good because?

Answer 24

Question 25

fetus avoids exposure to dangerously high levels of hormones avoids this due to? placenta is? what greatly reduces steroid intermediate bio activity? this is removed wheN?

Answer 25

Question 26

maternal response to pregnancy What increases maternally? (2) BV- starts when? rapid when? plateau? this is mediated by?

Answer 26

Question 27

maternal response to pregnancy 2 increase? increased blood volume increases what? what about mean arterial pressure? why? CO- increases most when? reflects increases in?

Answer 27

Question 28

maternal response to pregnancy 3 increased progesterone increase what as well? changes to what other system?

Answer 28

Question 29

parturition uterus during pregnancy what promote this? birth process how long after fert? after mentrual period? obstetric def of labor? how long contractiosn last? what factors? once labor initiated sustained by?

Answer 29

Question 30

stages of labor 4? physio change in?

Answer 30

Question 31

fetal station? presenting part? ischial spines? 0 station? - numbers?

Answer 31

Question 32

increased uterine excitability? end of pregnancy uterus becomes? categories of effects lead up to intense contractions? 2

Answer 32

Question 33

hormonal factors initiating parturition? 4? e- does what during parturition? 7th month? stims synthesis of?

Answer 33

estrogen prostaglandins Oxytocin relaxin

Question 34

some hormonal factors initiating parturition P- do what? synthesis is stimulated by? role in enhancing? what stims production?

Answer 34

Question 35

some hormonal factors initiating parturition O- what increases # of receptors? where? uterus insensitive until? then? this means what? what is the uterus susceptible to throughout pregnancy?

Answer 35

Question 36

some hormonal factors initiating parturition O- function? released in response to? (named) not thought to be a part of? what is?

Answer 36

Question 37

some hormonal factors initiating parturition O- also binds receptors where? stimulating? this helps synergistic role in what stage of labor? how?

Answer 37

Question 38

some hormonal factors initiating parturition O- after fetus is expelled? what happens? where? what stage? cesarean? why?

Answer 38

Question 39

some hormonal factors initiating parturition R- produced by? does what? increase when? this does what?

Answer 39

Question 40

effect of fetal hormones on the uterus fetal pituitary? fetal adrenals? fetal placental membranes?

Answer 40