PHYS 3 Fertilization and Implantation Flashcards

1
Q

fertilization

accomplishes both?

fert typically occurs on day? of ?

A
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2
Q

transport of gametes

following ovulation the ____ of _____ sweep over ovarian surface and pick up ______?

spermatozoa present in the male ejaculate enter vagina near the _____ and must reach the _____________________?????

sperm transport is largely dependent on?

A
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3
Q

transport of gametes

what is required of the sperm in ejaculate for successful fert?

how many reach oviduct?

infertile?

A
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4
Q

transport of gametes

important regulator of sperm transport?

what hormone helps this? 2 functions?

A
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5
Q

capacitation

what is it? occurs largely in?

what reaction?

capacitated sperm reach the egg where? has an expanded?

sperm must breach what 3 barriers?

A
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6
Q

fertilization 1-4

  1. sperm head passes the ____ cells and attaches to ______ that surrounds oocyte. what interaction?
  2. _______ reaction. increased what triggers what to happen?
  3. spermatozoon penetrates what?
  4. what fuse?
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7
Q

fertilization 5-8

  1. cell membranes of sperm and oocyte fuse
  2. triggers what. reaction? initiated by? causes what to happen? prevents?
  3. completion of? due to? results in formation of?
  4. sperm nucleus does what and transforms into?
  5. what happens?
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8
Q

meiotic cell division and sperm fusion

A
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9
Q

pronuclear formation and first embryonic cleavage

activated egg completes what division? as sperm decondenses forming what?

once egg completed meiosis what forms?

male and female dna do what? while?

once they contact each other?

what represents end of fert and beginning of embryonic development?

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10
Q

1st week embryogenesis occurs within?

1st two cleavages take how ling? by 3rd day what stage?

4/5?

implantation occurs wheN?

A
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11
Q

cleavage stages in embryos

outer cells of morula become bound together through?

blastocyst from inside of? due to?

outer cells of blastocyst become what? some cells remain trapped in interior become?

ICM potency? ultimately form?

Trophectoderm will form?

A
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12
Q

uterine secretions nourish what promote what and prepare it for?

uterine glandular epithelium synths and secretes what?

presence and action of what may determine extent of implantation window?

what are they? appear when? development enhanced by? inhibited by?early stages this does what?

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13
Q

blastocyst secretes substances that?

blastocyst must avoid what by maternal immune system?

so releases? (2)

hCG prevents what by doing what?

blastocyst synths and secretes what?

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14
Q

one of most important factors secreted by syncytiotrophoblasts before and after implantation

closely related to?

sustains what? in presence of?

hCG is an ______ growth factor that promotes what growth and development?

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15
Q

overview of implantation

trophoblasts secrets? this digests what? this allows what to happen?

eventually trophoblasts differentiate into?

implantation is initiated when?

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16
Q

cytotrophoblasts: do what? initially provides?

Syncytiotrophoblasts: what functions?

these functions do what?

secrete? when? make what?

gains what other functions?

A
17
Q

before initiation of implantation what degenerates?

this is called?

occurs how long after ovulation?

essential for dissolution? one of these factors?

A
18
Q

implantation occurs in what stages? 3

1st stage: what is it? usually occurs where?

final orientation (which is) occurs by?

what might be involved in this?

A
19
Q

implantation 2nd stage

2nd: what is it?

what interactions are probably involved?

receptors often of what family? located where?

interactions lead to?

allows blastocyst to perform invasion?

A
20
Q

implantation occurs in 3 stages

  1. what is it?

as blastocyst attaches to endometrial epithelium what happens?

during implantation long protrusions from _____ extend among _______

protrusions cause?

how far do the protrusions go?

A
21
Q

implantation 3 stages

3 continued

trophoblast secretes what type of factors? which promote? what degrades extracellular matrix?

near penetration uterine stromal cells take on what shape and become?

blastocysts implants in? and eventually?

finger-like projections of syncytiotrophoblast reach? and represent?

A
22
Q

deciduation

response of what to what????what cells transform into what cells?

endometrium now? and ready for?

A
23
Q

development of the placenta

the invading syncytiotrophoblast breaks into endometrial _____ first and then later into ______

creates communication between?

what creates 1 degree chorionic villi?

1st degree chorionic villus continues to grow with proliferation of __________? what forms 2nd degree chorionic villus? 3rd?

A