ANAT 3 Urology and Andrology Flashcards
Urinary Bladder (hollow pouch with strong muscular distensible walls, temporary reservoir for Urine, connects to the Ureters (2) and Urethra)
- Trigone (formed by the two Ureteric Orifices and Internal Urethral Orifice)
a. Ureteric Orifices (openings for the Ureters into the Urinary Bladder)
b. Internal Urethral Orifice (Opening for the Urethra in the Neck of the Urinary Bladder)
c. Interureteric Fold (superior limit of the Trigone, joins the two Ureteric openings)
d. Uvula of the Urinary Bladder (swelling in the posterior wall of Urinary Bladder at the Internal Urethral Orifice) - Apex (anterior)
- Body (between Apex and Fundus)
- Fundus (posterior, part furthest away from the Internal Urethral Orifice)
- Neck (tapers off into Urethra)
a. Involuntary Internal Sphincter (in the walls of the Neck of the Urinary Bladder) - Detrusor M. (primary component of the wall of the Urinary Bladder)
- Vesical Fascia (loose connective tissue surrounding the Detrusor M.)
Urinary Bladder (hollow pouch with strong muscular distensible walls, temporaryreservoir for Urine, connects to the Ureters (2) and Urethra)
- Trigone (formed by the two Ureteric Orifices and Internal Urethral Orifice)
a. Ureteric Orifices (openings for the Ureters into the Urinary Bladder)
b. Internal Urethral Orifice (Opening for the Urethra in the Neck of the Urinary Bladder)
c. Interureteric Fold (superior limit of the Trigone, joins the two Ureteric openings)
d. Uvula of the Urinary Bladder (swelling in the posterior wall of Urinary Bladder at the Internal Urethral Orifice) - Apex (anterior)
- Body (between Apex and Fundus)
- Fundus (posterior, part furthest away from the Internal Urethral Orifice)
- Neck (tapers off into Urethra)
a. Involuntary Internal Sphincter (in the walls of the Neck of the Urinary Bladder) - Detrusor M. (primarycomponent of the wall of the Urinary Bladder)
- Vesical Fascia (loose connective tissue surrounding the Detrusor M.)
Urinary Bladder (hollow pouch with strong muscular distensible walls, temporaryreservoir for Urine, connects to the Ureters (2) and Urethra)
- Trigone (formed by the two Ureteric Orifices and Internal Urethral Orifice)
a. Ureteric Orifices (openings for the Ureters into the Urinary Bladder)
b. Internal Urethral Orifice (Opening for the Urethra in the Neck of the Urinary Bladder)
c. Interureteric Fold (superior limit of the Trigone, joins the two Ureteric openings)
d. Uvula of the Urinary Bladder (swelling in the posterior wall of Urinary Bladder at the Internal Urethral Orifice) - Apex (anterior)
- Body (between Apex and Fundus)
- Fundus (posterior, part furthest away from the Internal Urethral Orifice)
- Neck (tapers off into Urethra)
a. Involuntary Internal Sphincter (in the walls of the Neck of the Urinary Bladder) - Detrusor M. (primarycomponent of the wall of the Urinary Bladder)
- Vesical Fascia (loose connective tissue surrounding the Detrusor M.)
what surrounds each part of the urethra?
parts of the prostatic urethra?
Male Urethra (conveyance of Urine from Urinary Bladder to the External Urethral Orifice at the Glans Penis)
a. Preprostatic Urethra (in the Neck of the Urinary Bladder)
b. Prostatic Urethra (in the Prostate Gland, communicates with Prostatic Utricle and Ejaculatory Duct)
1. Urethral Crest (median ridge that swells in the center of the Prostate Gland as the Seminal Colliculus, and is surrounded on either side by the Prostatic Sinus)
2. Prostatic Sinus (space on either side of the Urethral Crest and Seminal Colliculus, excepts secretions from the Prostatic Ductules)
a. Openings for the Prostatic Ductules (drainage point for Prostatic Fluid, into the Prostatic Sinus)
3. Seminal Colliculus (rounded mound on the Urethral Crest, possesses three slit-like openings)
a. Prostatic Utricle (small blind ended pouch in the Seminal Colliculus, embryological remnant of the Uterovaginal Canal)
b. Openings for the Ejaculatory Ducts
c. Membranous Urethra (short, through External Urethral Sphincter)
d. Spongy Urethra (inside the Corpus Spongiosum)
1. Intrabulbar Fossa (internal expansion of the Spongy Urethra in the Bulb of the Penis, receives secretions from the Bulbourethral Glands)
a. Openings for the Ducts of the Bulbourethral Glands
2. Navicular Fossa (internal expansion of the Spongy Urethra in the Glans Penis)
3. Urethral Glands (mucus secreting glands that empty
directly into the Spongy Urethra)
what are some of these things?
Male Urethra (conveyance of Urine from Urinary Bladder to the External Urethral Orifice at the Glans Penis)
a. Preprostatic Urethra (in the Neck of the Urinary Bladder)
b. Prostatic Urethra (in the Prostate Gland, communicates with Prostatic Utricle and Ejaculatory Duct)
1. Urethral Crest (median ridge that swells in the center of the Prostate Gland as the Seminal Colliculus, and is surrounded on either side by the Prostatic Sinus)
2. Prostatic Sinus (space on either side of the Urethral Crest and Seminal Colliculus, excepts secretions from the Prostatic Ductules)
a. Openings for the Prostatic Ductules (drainage point for Prostatic Fluid, into the Prostatic Sinus)
3. Seminal Colliculus (rounded mound on the Urethral Crest, possesses three slit-like openings)
a. Prostatic Utricle (smallblind endedpouch in the Seminal Colliculus, embryologicalremnant of the Uterovaginal Canal)
b. Openings for the Ejaculatory Ducts
c. Membranous Urethra (short, through External Urethral Sphincter)
d. Spongy Urethra (inside the Corpus Spongiosum)
1. Intrabulbar Fossa (internal expansion of the Spongy Urethra in the Bulb of the Penis, receives secretions from the Bulbourethral Glands)
a. Openings for the Ducts of the Bulbourethral Glands
2. Navicular Fossa (internal expansion of the Spongy Urethra in the Glans Penis)
3. Urethral Glands (mucus secretingglands that empty directly into the Spongy Urethra)
what part of the urethra?
Male Urethra (conveyance of Urine from Urinary Bladder to the External Urethral Orifice at the Glans Penis)
a. Preprostatic Urethra (in the Neck of the Urinary Bladder)
b. Prostatic Urethra (in the Prostate Gland, communicates with Prostatic Utricle and Ejaculatory Duct)
1. Urethral Crest (median ridge that swells in the center of the Prostate Gland as the Seminal Colliculus, and is surrounded on either side by the Prostatic Sinus)
2. Prostatic Sinus (space on either side of the Urethral Crest and Seminal Colliculus, excepts secretions from the Prostatic Ductules)
a. Openings for the Prostatic Ductules (drainage point for Prostatic Fluid, into the Prostatic Sinus)
3. Seminal Colliculus (rounded mound on the Urethral Crest, possesses three slit-like openings)
a. Prostatic Utricle (smallblind endedpouch in the Seminal Colliculus, embryologicalremnant of the Uterovaginal Canal)
b. Openings for the Ejaculatory Ducts
c. Membranous Urethra (short, through External Urethral Sphincter)
d. Spongy Urethra (inside the Corpus Spongiosum)
1. Intrabulbar Fossa (internal expansion of the Spongy Urethra in the Bulb of the Penis, receives secretions from the Bulbourethral Glands)
a. Openings for the Ducts of the Bulbourethral Glands
2. Navicular Fossa (internal expansion of the Spongy Urethra in the Glans Penis)
3. Urethral Glands (mucus secretingglands that empty
directly into the Spongy Urethra)
Female urethra????
Female Urethra (conveyance of Urine from the Urinary Bladder to the External Urethral Orifice in the Vestibule of the Vagina)
a. Paraurethral Glands (homologous to the Prostate Gland, secretions are conveyed via a common duct to an area near the External Urethral Orifice)
b. Urethral Glands (mucus secreting glands that empty directly into the Urethra)
what holds fecal mass until defecation?
important for continence?
Rectum (continuous proximally with Sigmoid Colon, distally with Anal Canal)
a. Transverse Rectal Folds (three (Superior, Intermediate and Inferior) internal folds of Mucous and Submucous layers)
b. Anorectal Flexure (at the Levator Ani muscles, important for fecal continence)
c. Ampulla (holds fecal mass until defecation)
what does the pectinate line represent?
what are in ac?
aid in evacuation of anal canal?
- Anorectal Junction (between the Rectum and Anal Canal, superior to Anal Columns)
a. Pectinate (Anorectal) Line (separates between divergent embryologically derived regions of Anal Canal; superior to Anal Valves, defines a divergence in arterial, supply, venous and lymphatic drainage and innervation) - Anal Canal (between Rectum and External Anal Orifice/ Anus)
a. Anal Columns (longitudinal ridges which contain terminal branches of Superior Rectal A. and V.)
b. Anal Valves (pockets in the Mucosa that define the Anal Sinuses, exists at the inferior end of Anal Columns)
c. Anal Sinuses (small recesses which, when compressed, exude mucus to aid in evacuation of the Anal Canal) - Anus (external opening of Anal Canal)
what are these?
a. Penile Raphe (midline Skin fold between Glans Penis and Scrotum)
b. Scrotal Raphe (midline Skin fold between Penile Raphe and Perineal Raphe)
c. Perineal Raphe (midline Skin fold between Scrotal Raphe and Anus)
contents of the spermatic cord?
(9)
perhaps make a pneumonic?
what is a vasectomy?
CN: Deferentectomy, or Vasectomy is the ligation and/or excision of the Ductus Deferens through an incision made in the superior Scrotum, thereby rendering the resultant ejaculant devoid of Spermatozoa.
testis produce?
where are they formed?
then where do they go?
septum does what?
Testis (ovoid organ suspended from Spermatic Cord in the Scrotum, produces Spermatozoa)
a. Seminiferous Tubules (site of Spermatozoa formation)
b. Straight Tubule (transfer Spermatozoa to Rete Testis)
c. Rete Testis (sinusoidal spaces where Spermatozoa enter the Efferent Ductules of the Epididymis)
d. Septum (separate between lobular formations of Seminiferous and Straight Tubules)
E
parts of this? which one isnt shown? what does it do?
Epididymis (tightly packed convoluted Duct of the Epididymis, rests on the posterior Testis, tapers off to a single deferent duct, the Ductus Deferens, stores Spermatozoa)
a. Head (most superior and largest region, formed by tightly coiled ends of several Efferent Ductules)
1. Lobules (compartmentalization of the coiled ends of several Efferent Ductules)
b. Body (longest portion, between Head and Tail, convoluted Duct of the Epididymis)
c. Tail (tapering region between Body and Ductus Deferens)
d. Efferent Ductules (transfer Spermatozoa from Rete Testis to Head and Body of Epididymis)
Deep Fascia of Penis (surround the erectile tissue and deep Vasculature, made of Deep Perineal Fascia)
regional organization of the penis?
Regional Organization (Root, Body and Glans Penis)
- Root of the Penis (attached, includes the Bulb and Crura
of the Penis, Bulbospongiosus M. and Ischiocavernosus M.)
- Body of the Penis (free, includes connective tissue, paired corpora Cavernosa, Corpus Spongiosum and Spongy Urethra)
- Glans Penis (distal conical expansion, continuous with Corpus Spongiosum proximally)
regional organization of the penis?
Regional Organization (Root, Body and Glans Penis)
- Root of the Penis (attached, includes the Bulb and Crura of the Penis, Bulbospongiosus M. and Ischiocavernosus M.)
- Body of the Penis (free, includes connective tissue, paired corpora Cavernosa, Corpus Spongiosum and Spongy Urethra)
- Glans Penis (distal conical expansion, continuous with Corpus Spongiosum proximally)
- Ventral Cylinder of Penile Erectile Tissue (central, unpaired, from proximal to distal: Bulb of the Penis, Corpus Spongiosum andGlans Penis)
a. Bulb of Penis (erectile tissue at the Root of the Penis, continuous with the Corpus Spongiosum)
b. Corpus Spongiosum (ventrally positioned erectile tissue, transmits the Spongy Urethra)
i. Spongy Urethra (see above)
c. Glans Penis (the distal conical expansion of the Corpus Spongiosum) - Dorsal Cylinders of Penile Erectile Tissue (paired, from proximal to distal: Crura of the Penis, Corpora Cavernosa)
a. Crura of Penis (erectile tissue associated proximally with the corresponding Inferior Pubic Ramus, continuous with the two Corpus Cavernosa)
i. Right Crus of the Penis
ii. Left Crus of the Penis
b. Corpus Cavernosum (paired erectile tissue, houses the paired Deep A. of the Penis)
what cylinders?
- Ventral Cylinder of Penile Erectile Tissue (central, unpaired, from proximal to distal: Bulb of the Penis, Corpus Spongiosum and Glans Penis)
a. Bulb of Penis (erectile tissue at the Root of the Penis, continuous with the Corpus Spongiosum)
b. Corpus Spongiosum (ventrally positioned erectile tissue, transmits the Spongy Urethra)
i. Spongy Urethra (see above)
c. Glans Penis (the distal conical expansion of the Corpus Spongiosum)
i. Corona of the Glans (margin of the Glans Penis which projects proximally over the Corpus Cavernosa)
ii. Neck of the Glans (separation of the Body and Glans Penis) - Dorsal Cylinders of Penile Erectile Tissue (paired, from proximal to distal: Crura of the Penis, Corpora Cavernosa)
a. Crura of Penis (erectile tissue associated proximally with the corresponding Inferior Pubic Ramus, continuous with the two Corpus Cavernosa)
i. Right Crus of the Penis
ii. Left Crus of the Penis
b. Corpus Cavernosum (paired erectile tissue, houses the paired Deep A. of the Penis)
c. Glans Penis (the distal conical expansion of the Corpus Spongiosum)
i. Corona of the Glans (margin of the Glans Penis which projects proximally over the Corpus Cavernosa)
ii. Neckof the Glans (separation of the Body and Glans Penis)
iii. Prepuce (Skin and Fascia of the Penis that covers the Glans Penis to a variable extent)
Frenulum (ventrally located median fold)
dont focus on nerves and vessels for this lecture
- Ventral Cylinder of Penile Erectile Tissue (central, unpaired, from proximal to distal: Bulb of the Penis, Corpus Spongiosum andGlans Penis)
a. Bulbof Penis (erectile tissue at the Root of the Penis, continuous with the Corpus Spongiosum)
b. Corpus Spongiosum (ventrally positioned erectile tissue, transmits the Spongy Urethra)
i. Spongy Urethra (see above)
c. Glans Penis (the distal conical expansion of the Corpus Spongiosum)
i. Corona of the Glans (margin of the Glans Penis which projects proximally over the Corpus Cavernosa)
ii. Neckof the Glans (separation of the Body and Glans Penis) - Dorsal Cylinders of Penile Erectile Tissue (paired, from proximal to distal: Crura of the Penis, Corpora Cavernosa)
a. Crura of Penis (erectile tissue associated proximally with the corresponding Inferior Pubic Ramus, continuous with the two Corpus Cavernosa)
i. Right Crus of the Penis
ii. Left Crus of the Penis
b. Corpus Cavernosum (paired erectile tissue, houses the paired Deep A. of the Penis)
what is this?
produces? lobes?
also has? which do what?
Prostate Gland (unpaired, largest accessory gland of the male reproduction system, produces Prostatic Fluid which makes up 20% of Seminal Fluid, described as having an anterior lobe, posterior lobe, two lateral lobes and a middle lobe)
a. Prostatic Ducts (convey Prostatic Fluid from the parenchyma of the Gland to the Prostatic Sinus)
enlargement of prostate? occurs with? can do what?
can be determined by?
CN: Enlargement of the Prostate Gland: Occurs with increasing age and can impinge on the Prostatic Urethra, impeding urination. Enlargement of the ProstateGland and Prostatic Cancer can both be determined by Digital Rectal Examination.
what are these? located where?
Seminal Vesicles (paired, elongated structure between the Urinary Bladder and Rectum, secrete a fluid which becomes part of the ejaculatory Semen)
a. Duct of the Seminal Vesicle (coveys the secretions of the Seminal Vesicle to the Ejaculatory Duct)
Ejaculatory Ducts (begin at the union of the Ampulla of the Ductus Deferens and Ducts of the Seminal Vesicle, near the Neck of the Urinary Bladder, converge immediately proximal to the Prostatic Urethra, empty into the Prostatic urethra through paired opening on the Seminal Colliculus on either side of the Prostatic Utricle)
what are these? what do they do?
lower dot?
Bulbourethral Glands (pea-sized glands positioned posterolateral to the Membranous Urethra, produce a mucus-like substance during sexual arousal)
a. Duct of the Bulbourethral Gland (conveys Bulbourethral secretions to the Intrabulbar Fossa of the Spongy Urethra)
