ANAT 4 Gynecology Flashcards
Uterus (thick walled, hollow, distensible muscular Organ, location of embryo and fetus development)
a. Fundus (rounded superior portion between Uterine Horns,
furthest away from the Vaginal Opening)
b. Body (upper 2/3 of Uterus)
1. Uterine Horns (superolateral region, entrance point for
the Uterine Tubes)
- Uterine Cavity (internal space in the Body of the Uterus)
a. Internal Os of the Uterus (passage from Uterine Cavity to Cervical Canal)
c. Isthmus (tapering region superior to the Cervix)
d. Cervix (cylindrical, narrow inferior region, protrudes into the uppermost Vagina) - Supravaginal Part (between Isthmus and Vaginal Part)
- Vaginal Part (part of the Cervix that extends into the Upper most Vagina, surrounded by Fornix)
- Cervical Canal (small fusiform space in the Cervix of the Uterus)
a. External Os of the Uterus (inferior opening of
the Cervical Canal into the Vagina)
lifetime changes in uterine ratios?
CN: After child birth the female infant Uterus has adult proportions (2/3 Body to 1/3 Cervix) due to maternal hormonal influence. Postpartum the Uterus reduces to a ½ Body/ ½ Cervix ratio. During Puberty the body of the Uterus returns again to the 2/3 size until Menopause, where it again returns to a ½ to ½ ratio.
Uterus (thick walled, hollow, distensible muscular Organ, locationof embryo and fetus development)
a. Fundus (rounded superior portion between Uterine Horns,
furthest away from the Vaginal Opening)
b. Body (upper 2/3 of Uterus)
1. Uterine Horns (superolateral region, entrance point for
the Uterine Tubes)
- Uterine Cavity (internal space in the Body of the Uterus)
a. Internal Os of the Uterus (passage from Uterine Cavity to Cervical Canal)
c. Isthmus (tapering region superior to the Cervix)
d. Cervix (cylindrical, narrow inferior region, protrudes into the uppermost Vagina) - Supravaginal Part (between Isthmus and Vaginal Part)
- Vaginal Part (part of the Cervix that extends into the Upper mostVagina, surrounded by Fornix)
- Cervical Canal (small fusiform space in the Cervix of the Uterus)
a. External Os of the Uterus (inferior opening of the Cervical Canal into the Vagina)
Layers of the Uterine Wall
- Perimetrium (outer layer, serous coat of Peritoneum)
- Myometrium (middle muscular layer, most vascular layer)
- Endometrium (inner mucous layer, closely adherent to Myometrium)
what was leading cause of american women until 1940s?
what helped change that?
CN: Cervical Cancer was the leading cause of death of North American women until the 1940’s with the advent of the Papanicolaou Smear, which can detect premalignant Cervical conditions.
layers of the uterine wall?
Layers of the Uterine Wall
- Perimetrium (outer layer, serous coat of Peritoneum)
- Myometrium (middle muscular layer, most vascular layer)
- Endometrium (inner mucous layer, closely adherent to Myometrium)
remove uterus is called?
removed through?
different types?
CN: Hysterectomy: Excision of the Uterus through the Anterior Abdominal Wall or Vagina.
ligamentous structures of the uterus
Peritoneum ligaments (2)
located where?
Uterine and Ovarian Ligamentous Structures
- Broad Ligament of the Uterus (see Arthrology)
- Suspensory L. of the Ovary (see Arthrology)
- Round Ligament of the Uterus (fibrous remnant of the inferior part of the Ovarian Gubernaculum, extends from the lateral Uterus, through the Mesometrium to the Labia Majora via the Inguinal Canal)
- Ligament of the Ovary (fibrous remnant of the superior part of the Ovarian Gubernaculum, extends from the Lateral Uterine Wall to the Ovary through the Mesometrium)
- Transverse Cervical L. (see Arthrology)
- Uterosacral L. (see Arthrology)
ligamentous structures of uterus
gubernaculum remnants?
which part becomes what?
gubernaculum remnants (2)
located where?
Uterine and Ovarian Ligamentous Structures
- Broad Ligament of the Uterus (see Arthrology)
- Suspensory L. of the Ovary (see Arthrology)
- Round Ligament of the Uterus (fibrousremnant of the inferior part of the Ovarian Gubernaculum, extends from the lateral Uterus, through the Mesometrium to the Labia Majora via the Inguinal Canal)
- Ligament of the Ovary (fibrousremnant of the superior part of the Ovarian Gubernaculum, extends from the Lateral Uterine Wall to the Ovary through the Mesometrium)
- Transverse Cervical L. (see Arthrology)
- Uterosacral L. (see Arthrology)
which is the round L. and L. of the ovary?
Uterine and Ovarian Ligamentous Structures
- Broad Ligament of the Uterus (see Arthrology)
- Suspensory L. of the Ovary (see Arthrology)
- Round Ligament of the Uterus (fibrousremnant of the inferior part of the Ovarian Gubernaculum, extends from the lateral Uterus, through the Mesometrium to the Labia Majora via the Inguinal Canal)
- Ligament of the Ovary (fibrousremnant of the superior part of the Ovarian Gubernaculum, extends from the Lateral Uterine Wall to the Ovary through the Mesometrium)
- Transverse Cervical L. (see Arthrology)
- Uterosacral L. (see Arthrology)
Round L. of the uterus will go where? through?
Uterine and Ovarian Ligamentous Structures
- Broad Ligament of the Uterus (see Arthrology)
- Suspensory L. of the Ovary (see Arthrology)
- Round Ligament of the Uterus (fibrousremnant of the inferior part of the Ovarian Gubernaculum, extends from the lateral Uterus, through the Mesometrium to the Labia Majora via the Inguinal Canal)
- Ligament of the Ovary (fibrousremnant of the superior part of the Ovarian Gubernaculum, extends from the Lateral Uterine Wall to the Ovary through the Mesometrium)
- Transverse Cervical L. (see Arthrology)
- Uterosacral L. (see Arthrology)
what is in the endopelvic fascia of a female? (
Uterine and Ovarian Ligamentous Structures
- Broad Ligament of the Uterus (see Arthrology)
- Suspensory L. of the Ovary (see Arthrology)
- Round Ligament of the Uterus (fibrousremnant of the inferior part of the Ovarian Gubernaculum, extends from the lateral Uterus, through the Mesometrium to the Labia Majora via the Inguinal Canal)
- Ligament of the Ovary (fibrousremnant of the superior part of the Ovarian Gubernaculum, extends from the Lateral Uterine Wall to the Ovary through the Mesometrium)
- Transverse Cervical L. (see Arthrology)
- Uterosacral L. (see Arthrology)
what is in the membranous pelvic fascia?
Uterine and Ovarian Ligamentous Structures
- Broad Ligament of the Uterus (see Arthrology)
- Suspensory L. of the Ovary (see Arthrology)
- Round Ligament of the Uterus (fibrousremnant of the inferior part of the Ovarian Gubernaculum, extends from the lateral Uterus, through the Mesometrium to the Labia Majora via the Inguinal Canal)
- Ligament of the Ovary (fibrousremnant of the superior part of the Ovarian Gubernaculum, extends from the Lateral Uterine Wall to the Ovary through the Mesometrium)
- Transverse Cervical L. (see Arthrology)
- Uterosacral L. (see Arthrology)
Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes (convey Oocytes from the Ovary to the Uterus)
a. Infundibulum (funnel-shaped distal end open to the Peritoneal Cavity near the Ovaries)
1. Abdominal Ostium (opening that leads from Peritoneal Cavity to the Infundibulum of the Uterine Tube)
7. Fimbriae (finger-like projections from the end of the Infundibulum over the Ovaries)
a. Ovarian Fimbria (one long Infundibular Fimbria
that attaches to the superior end of the Ovary)
b. Ampulla (longest portion, from the Infundibulum to the Isthmus)
c. Isthmus (thick-walled portion which enters the Uterus Horn)
d. Uterine Part (short segment which passes through the Uterine Wall)
1. Uterine Ostium (opening that leads from the Uterine
tube to the Uterine Cavity)
Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes (convey Oocytes from the Ovary to the Uterus)
a. Infundibulum (funnel-shaped distal end open to the Peritoneal Cavity near the Ovaries)
1. Abdominal Ostium (opening that leads from Peritoneal Cavity to the Infundibulum of the Uterine Tube)
7. Fimbriae (finger-like projections from the end of the Infundibulum over the Ovaries)
a. Ovarian Fimbria (one long Infundibular Fimbria
that attaches to the superior end of the Ovary)
b. Ampulla (longest portion, from the Infundibulum to the Isthmus)
c. Isthmus (thick-walledportion which enters the Uterus Horn)
d. Uterine Part (shortsegment which passes through the Uterine Wall)
1. Uterine Ostium (opening that leads from the Uterine
tube to the Uterine Cavity)
what procedure would prevent oocytes from reaching the uterine cavity?
performed through?
types?
CN: Ligation of the Uterine tubes is done either abdominally or Laparoscopically through the umbilicus and involves ligating the Uterine Tubes so the Oocytes never reach the Uterine cavity.
ovaries (shape?) suspended by?
responsible for?
Ovaries (small, almond-shaped glands suspended by Mesovarium; responsible for the production and expulsion of Oocytes)
lower left
what is it? spans from?
other two
which has a deep part? shallow?
Vagina (musculomembranous tube from the Cervix of the Uterus to the Vestibule of the Vagina, between the Labia Minora, normally a collapsed tube except at the superior most part that surrounds the Cervix of the Uterus)
a. Vaginal Fornix (short recess around the Cervix, typically described as having a deep posterior part, a shallow anterior and lateral parts)
- Mons Pubis (rounded, fatty prominence anterior to the Pubic Symphysis)
- Pudendal Cleft (anterior slit between Labia Majora)
- Labia Majora (prominent skin folds, protect External Urethral and Vaginal Orifices)
a. Anterior Labial Commissure (junction of Right and Left Labia Majora, anterior to the Angle of the Clitoris)
b. Posterior Labial Commissure (posterior Limit of the Pudendum, overlies the Perineal Body, usually not present after first Vaginal birth)
Perineum (shallow external compartment, contains the Female External Genitalia or Pudendum (Vulva))
- Mons Pubis (rounded, fatty prominence anterior to the Pubic Symphysis)
- Pudendal Cleft (anterior slit between Labia Majora)
- Labia Majora (prominent skin folds, protect External Urethral and Vaginal Orifices)
a. Anterior Labial Commissure (junction of Right and Left Labia Majora, anterior to the Angle of the Clitoris)
b. Posterior Labial Commissure (posterior Limit of the
Pudendum, overlies the Perineal Body, usually not present after first Vaginal birth)
- Labia Minora (folds of fat-free, hairless Skin enclosed within the Pudendal Cleft and Labia Majora, surround the Vestibule of the Vagina)
a. Frenulum of the Labia Minora (Fourchette; small posteriorly located transverse mucosal fold, exists pre-sexual activity) - Clitoris (erectile organ extends from the anterior junction of the Labia Minora posteriorly to the Pubic Symphysis, branches into two Crura which associate with corresponding Inferior Pubic Rami)
a. Glans Clitoris (distal anterior projection)
b. Angle of Clitoris (at the Pubic Symphysis, bend in the Clitoris at the junction of the Crura and the Body of the Clitoris, described as being comprised of two Corpora Cavernosa)
c. Body of Clitoris (comprised of two corpora Cavernosa)
d. Crura of Clitoris (associated with the corresponding Inferior
Pubic Ramus, posterolateral projections of the Corpora Cavernosa)
- Right Crus of the Clitoris
- Left Crus of the Clitoris
e. Prepuce of Clitoris (anterior most junction of the Labia Minora which travels anterior to and variably covers the Glans Clitoris)
f. Frenula of the Clitoris (travel posteriorly from the Clitoris to the paired Labia Minora)
g. Suspensory L. of the Clitoris (extends from the Pubic Symphysis to the Body of the Clitoris) - Vaginal Vestibule (between paired Labia Minora, contains the Vaginal and External Urethral Orifices)
a. External Urethral Orifice (exit point of the Urethra)
b. Vaginal Orifice (opening of the Vagina) - Hymen (membranous structure surrounding the Vaginal Orifice)
c. Bulbs of Vestibule (paired, elongated erectile tissue, surrounding the Vaginal Orifice, homologous to the Bulb and the Corpus Spongiosum of the Penis)
d. Greater Vestibular Glands (paired glands, posterior to the Bulbs of the Vestibule, on either side of the Vaginal Vestibule, secrete mucus upon sexual arousal)
e. Lesser Vestibular Glands (paired glands on either side of the Vaginal Vestibule, secrete mucus between External Urethral Orifice and Vaginal Orifice moistening Labia and Vaginal Vestibule)
- Clitoris (erectile organ extends from the anterior junction of the Labia Minora posteriorly to the Pubic Symphysis, branches into two Crura which associate with corresponding Inferior Pubic Rami)
a. Glans Clitoris (distal anterior projection)
b. Angleof Clitoris (at the Pubic Symphysis, bend in the Clitoris at the junction of the Crura and the Body of the Clitoris, described as being comprised of two Corpora Cavernosa)
c. Bodyof Clitoris (comprised of two corpora Cavernosa)
d. Crura of Clitoris (associated with the corresponding Inferior
Pubic Ramus, posterolateral projections of the Corpora Cavernosa)
- Right Crus of the Clitoris
- Left Crus of the Clitoris
e. Prepuce of Clitoris (anterior most junction of the Labia Minora which travels anterior to and variably covers the Glans Clitoris)
f. Frenula of the Clitoris (travel posteriorly from the Clitoris to the paired Labia Minora) - Vaginal Vestibule (between paired Labia Minora, contains the Vaginal and External Urethral Orifices)
a. External Urethral Orifice (exit point of the Urethra)
b. Vaginal Orifice (opening of the Vagina) - Hymen (membranous structure surrounding the Vaginal Orifice)
c. Bulbs of Vestibule (paired, elongated erectile tissue, surrounding the Vaginal Orifice, homologous to the Bulb and the Corpus Spongiosum of the Penis)
d. Greater Vestibular Glands (paired glands, posterior to the Bulbs of the Vestibule, on either side of the Vaginal Vestibule, secrete mucus upon sexual arousal)
e. Lesser Vestibular Glands (paired glands on either side of the Vaginal Vestibule, secrete mucus between External Urethral Orifice and Vaginal Orifice moistening Labia and Vaginal Vestibule)
- Clitoris (erectile organ extends from the anterior junction of the Labia Minora posteriorly to the Pubic Symphysis, branches into two Crura which associate with corresponding Inferior Pubic Rami)
a. Glans Clitoris (distal anterior projection)
b. Angleof Clitoris (at the Pubic Symphysis, bend in the Clitoris at the junction of the Crura and the Body of the Clitoris, described as being comprised of two Corpora Cavernosa)
c. Bodyof Clitoris (comprised of two corpora Cavernosa)
d. Crura of Clitoris (associated with the corresponding Inferior
Pubic Ramus, posterolateral projections of the Corpora Cavernosa)
- Right Crus of the Clitoris
- Left Crus of the Clitoris
e. Prepuce of Clitoris (anterior most junction of the Labia Minora which travels anterior to and variably covers the Glans Clitoris)
f. Frenula of the Clitoris (travel posteriorly from the Clitoris to the paired Labia Minora)
g. Suspensory L. of the Clitoris (extends from the Pubic Symphysis to the Body of the Clitoris)
which secretes mucus upon sexual arousal?
which moisturizes labia and vaginal vestibule?
- Vaginal Vestibule (between paired Labia Minora, contains the Vaginal and External Urethral Orifices)
a. External Urethral Orifice (exit point of the Urethra)
b. Vaginal Orifice (opening of the Vagina) - Hymen (membranous structure surrounding the Vaginal Orifice)
c. Bulbs of Vestibule (paired, elongated erectile tissue, surrounding the Vaginal Orifice, homologous to the Bulb and the Corpus Spongiosum of the Penis)
d. Greater Vestibular Glands (paired glands, posterior to the Bulbs of the Vestibule, on either side of the Vaginal Vestibule, secrete mucus upon sexual arousal)
e. Lesser Vestibular Glands (paired glands on either side of the Vaginal Vestibule, secrete mucus between External Urethral Orifice and Vaginal Orifice moistening Labia and Vaginal Vestibule)
