Phylum Porifera (sponges)

Question 1

approximately how many species of sponges are there

Answer 1

5000

Question 2

describe the main characteristics of a sponge

Answer 2

pores 
asymmetrical and sessile 
aquatic, mostly marine 
sac-like bodies 
multicellular (but lack tissue) 
filter feeders 
very simple 
cells from fragmented sponges can regenerate

Question 3

describe the typical body plan of a sponge

Answer 3

sac-like body with pores and openings at the top

Question 4

where are collar cells located

Answer 4

collar cells with flagells like the inner cavity

Question 5

what do collar cells do

Answer 5

beating collar cells produce water currents that flow through pores into central cavity and out through osculum

Question 6

what is the osculum

Answer 6

the upper opening

Question 7

describe what ameoboid cells do

Answer 7

occupy the inner layer

make spicules and digest food

Question 8

what are spicules

Answer 8

hardened structured of calcium carbonate, silica, or sponge protein
embeded in teh body wall support structure

Question 9

describe how sponges feed, exchange gas, and excrete waste

Answer 9

by drawing water into body through network of pores

collar cells trap plankton, which engulfed by body wall and digest food in vacuoles

Question 10

name the three classes of sponges

Answer 10

calcarea
hexactinellida
demospongia

Question 11

describe calcarea

Answer 11

skeleton of calcium carbonate spicules

Question 12

describe hexactinellida

Answer 12

skeleton of siliceous spicules (glass)

Question 13

describe demospongia

Answer 13

skeleton of siliceous spicules and spongin

Question 14

what is spongin

Answer 14

protein

Question 15

what is the ecological role of sponges

Answer 15

habitat
symbiotic with some photosynthesis protists and bacteria
food for animals
break down and recycle shells and coral

Question 16

What is the area enclosed by the body wall of the sponge

Answer 16

central cavity

Question 17

what is the special kind of cell that builds spicules

Answer 17

amebocyte

Question 18

cells that have flagella and trap food particles

Answer 18

collar cells

Question 19

one of thousands of openings in the body wall

Answer 19

pore

Question 20

large hole where water leaves the sponge

Answer 20

osculum

Question 21

one of many structires that form the skeleton of the sponge

Answer 21

spicule

Question 22

specialized cell through which water enters the sponge

Answer 22

pore cell

Question 23

cell on outer surface of the sponge

Answer 23

epidermal cell

Question 24

describe feeding of a sponce

Answer 24

trap plankton with collar cells, which then get engulfed by body wall and get digested in food vacuoles

Question 25

describe teh way they excrete waste

Answer 25

by drawing in water into body through pores

Question 26

describe the asexual reproduction

Answer 26

budding or fragments

Question 27

describe sexual reproduction

Answer 27

eggs and sperm and releases in central cavity of the sponge, where the zygote develops into ciliated larvae
* the larval stage is able to move about which adult is stationary

Question 28

which part of the life cycle is motile? which is stationary?

Answer 28

the larval stage is able to move about, while adult is stationary