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Biology 11 > Bacteria > Flashcards

Bacteria Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe bacteria

A

most common, most primitive, earliest life form

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2
Q

Where are bacteria found?

A

Found in soil, water , bodies, air,

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3
Q

Prokaryotic?

A

no nucleus or membrane bound organelles

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4
Q

Characteristics of bacteria?

A
  • unicellular
  • has a cell wall of peptodolycan (carb+protein)
  • can be either autotrophic or heterotrophic
  • mostly asexual reproduction
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5
Q

What is eubacteria?

A

-True bacteria
- widely dispersed
- cell wall
- prokaryotic
- heterotrophic
ie- cyanobacteria (green)

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6
Q

Archaebacteria?

A

-ancient
-live in extreme environments (boiling water, freezer)
-anaerobic
- no cell wall
ie- methanogens

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7
Q

What are the five things bacteria are classified by?q

A
  1. Shape
  2. Motility
  3. Energy release
  4. Cell wall
  5. Nutrition
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8
Q

Three shapes of bacteria?

A
  1. Bacillus (rod)
  2. Coccus (sphere)
  3. Spirilla (spiral)
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9
Q

Motility of bacteria?

A
  1. Mobile
    a) flagella (whip like tail)
    b) gliding
    c) tumbling
    d) twisting
  2. Immobile
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10
Q

Diversity of cell wall of bacteria?

A
  1. One layer of cell wall made of carb+protein (Peptodoglycan) = GRAM POSITIVE VIOLET
  2. Two layers of cell wall; second layer made of lipid+carb which repels the gram violet but absorbs the GRAM NEGATIVE RED (Saarinen)
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11
Q

How do antibiotics kill bacteria?

A

disrupt the cell wall

-puncture & burst

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12
Q

How do bacteria (monerans) obtain energy?

A
  1. Autotrophic
    a) phototrophic= get food from light
    b) chemotrophic= get food from inorganic compounds
  2. Heterotrophic
    a) Chemotrophic heterotroph= get food from organic molecules (carbon)
    i. Saphrohyptic
    ii. parasitic
    b) Phototrophic heterotroph= Get food from light but also need to suppliment with organic componds
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13
Q

What is an autotroph?

A

Organism who makes own food

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14
Q

heterotroph?

A

Organism who needs to intake food

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15
Q

Phototrophic monera?

A

Gets food from light

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16
Q

Chemotrophic monera?

A

Gets food from inorganic compounds

ie- nitrosomonas, rhitzobium

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17
Q

Chemotrophic heterotroph?

A

Gets food from organic molecules

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18
Q

2 types of chemotrophic heterotroph?

A
  1. Saprohyptic- organism that absorbs food from decaying matter
  2. Parasitic- organism who lives on or in body of host and recieves nourishment from host
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19
Q

Phototrophic heterotroph?

A

Gets food from the light, but also needs to suppliment with organic compounds

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20
Q

What is aerobic respiration?

A
  • Cellular respiration
  • they free oxygen used to break down food molecules
  • release energy
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21
Q

What is an obligate aerobe?

A

They are bacteria who can not live without oxygen

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22
Q

What is anaerobic respiration?

A
  • Fermentation

- Produced energy without oxygen

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23
Q

What can oblicage anaerobes not survive with?

A

oxygen

24
Q

What can obligate aerobes not survive without?

A

Oxygen

25
Q

What is a faculative anaerobic?1

A

They are bacteria that can survive with or without oxygen

26
Q

How do monera reproduce?

A

Mostly asexual reproduction

27
Q

Describe conjugation

A
  • Most primitive way of asexual reproduction
  • Two bacterial cells come together=cell wass breaks down= Conjugation tube= DNA plasmid (disk) from one cell enters in the other one
28
Q

What is an endospore?

A
  • Not reproduction
  • method for survival of adverse conditions
  • Endospore develops inside cell membrane with enough protoplasm (DNA) to survive many years in a DORMANT STATE
  • when conditions become suitable, endospore becomes active as a regular bacteria cell
  • certain disease causing bacteria can be virulent (alive/can come alive) 1300 years after forming endospore
29
Q

How many years can endospores last?

A

Many.

certain disease causing bacteria endospores can still be virulent 1300 years after forming

30
Q

What is the ecological role of bacteria?

A

-most bacteria DECOMPOSE + RECYCLE organic molecules into nutrients

31
Q

Can bacteria preform nitrogen fixation?

A

Yes

they convert nitrogen in the air to a form plants can use to form protein

32
Q

What are pathogenic bacteria?

A

-disease causing
-damages host
-ingested or inhaled
1. Directly damages cells or tissues
ie. salmonella, tuberculosis
2. Produces poisons or toxins
ie- botulism, anthrax

33
Q

What are symbiotic monera?

A

-bacteria
-produce vitamins
-breakdown food in digestive track
ie- ecoli

34
Q

In what ways do humans use bacteria?

A

-production of food (bread, cheese)

35
Q

5 ways your body protects you from bacteria?

A
  1. barriers
    2 phagocytes (white blood cells)
  2. fevers (less effective than with virus)
  3. antitoxins (antibodies that bind to inactive toxin)
  4. Antibodies (bind to and inactivate bacteria)
36
Q

What is an antiseptic?

A

They destroy or inacticate microorganisms on living tissue

eg- alcohol

37
Q

Define the term prokaryotic and identity those organisms in this group

A

Do not have a nucleus or other organelles

Bacteria

38
Q

Name the 4 parts of a bacterial cell

A 
nucleoid
plasmid
cytoplasm
ribosomes 
endospore
39
Q

Define culture (bacteria)

A

The cultivation of bacteria in an artificial medium containing nutrients

40
Q

Pathogen

A

Disease causing

41
Q

Nutrient agar

A

A general-purpose, nutrient medium used for the cultivation of microbes

42
Q

Incoulate

A

To treat something with a vaccine

43
Q

Gram Positive

A
  • Stains violet
  • peptoglycan cell wall absorbs it
  • One cell wall
44
Q

Gram Negative

A
  • stains red
  • Lipid layer repels the violet but absorbs this
  • Two cell walls
45
Q

Example of an autotrophic bacteria

A

cyanobacteria

46
Q

Example of a heterotrophic bacteria

A

e.coli

47
Q

symptoms of salmonella

A

diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps

48
Q

symptoms of staphlocauccus

A

nausea, explosive vomiting, diarrea, cramps, headache

49
Q

colostridium botulinium

A
  • can not grow if exposed to oxygen
  • paralytic illness
  • nerve poison
  • do not eat canned foods if the seal had been broken, or if it is damages/dented
50
Q

human uses for bacteria

A
  • Produce antibodies
  • Make medically improtant proteins (insulin)
  • Food suppliments
  • food production
  • break down sewage
51
Q

rhizobium bacteria?

A

bacteria which fix nitrogen in the soil
-require a plant host
-

52
Q

saphrohyte

A

lives on dead or decaying organic matter

53
Q

3 bacteria caused diseases

A

ecoli poisoning
hpv
gonorrhea,
staphlococcus

54
Q

how do we control bacterial growth?

A

aseptic techniques

55
Q

over use of antibiotics will cause?

A

Bacteria resistance

where bacteria are resistant to the antibiotics, and it no longer harms them

Biology 11 (27 decks)

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