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Biology > Phylum Arthropoda, Phylum Chordata > Flashcards

Phylum Arthropoda, Phylum Chordata Flashcards

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1
Q

Abdomen

A

The posterior segment of an arthropod.

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2
Q

Aedeagus

A

Organ that allows males to secrete sperm.

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3
Q

Antennae

A

Organs that touch, smell, and sometimes hear.

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4
Q

Book lungs

A

Respiratory organs with many thin layers where air circulates and the exchange of gasses takes place—oxygen passes into a blood filled chamber.

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5
Q

Carapace

A

A single exoskeletal plate that cover the cephalothorax.

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6
Q

Chelicerae

A

A short pair of appendages used to capture and crush prey.

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7
Q

Chelipeds

A

Claws on the first pair of legs used for grooming, fighting, and capturing prey.

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8
Q

Compound eyes

A

Allow the animal to see in many directions at once.

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9
Q

Exoskeleton

A

Hardened outer covering of the body.

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10
Q

Jointed appendages

A

Most distinguishing characteristics of Arthropods. Structures such as a legs, wings, or antennae that extend from the body wall of an Arthropod and enables them to move and grasp objects.

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11
Q

Labium

A

Lower lip.

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12
Q

Mandibles

A

Mouthparts of arthropods used to crush and tear apart food.

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13
Q

Maxillae

A

Upper jaw; used to chew food.

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14
Q

Metamorphosis

A

Change of form;
2 types - Complete and Incomplete.

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15
Q

Molt

A

To shed hair, skin, or an outer layer periodically.

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16
Q

Ovipositor

A

Organ that allows females to deposit eggs.

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17
Q

Pedipalps

A

Used for sensing and feeding; located between Chelicerae and the first pair legs which may contain pinchers.

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18
Q

Saprophytes

A

Eat decaying leaves and plant matter.

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19
Q

Simple eyes

A

Detect the presence of light.

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20
Q

Spermatophore

A

Packet of sperm.

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21
Q

Spinnerets

A

Structures located at the tip of the abdomen, used to spin silk.

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22
Q

Spiracles

A

Small pores on each segment allowing air to enter the body.

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23
Q

Swimmerets

A

Appendages used for swimming and reproduction, located on the abdomen.

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24
Q

Telson

A

Fan shaped tail at the end of the body.

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25
Q

Thorax

A

The region between head and abdomen.

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26
Q

Trachea

A

Delivers gasses throughout the body.

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27
Q

Anadromous

A

The animal is hatched in fresh water and then migrates to salt water as an adult.

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28
Q

Cartilage

A

Strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone.

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29
Q

Class Agnatha

A

Jawless fish.

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30
Q

Class Amphibia

A

Amphibians.

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31
Q

Class Aves

A

Birds.

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32
Q

Class Chondrichthyes

A

Cartilaginous fish; sharks, skates, rays.

33
Q

Class Mammalia

A

Mammals.

34
Q

Class Osteichthyes

A

Bony fish.

35
Q

Class Reptilia

A

Reptiles.

36
Q

Dorsal hollow nerve cord

A

A bundle of nerve fibers running down the back.

37
Q

Electroreception

A

Sense electrical signals underwater; used to locate prey.

38
Q

Endoskeleton

A

An internal frame made of bone or cartilage that provides support for the body.

39
Q

Gastrointestinal tract

A

Includes mouth at the anterior end of the animal and an anus at the posterior end.

40
Q

Notochord

A

A rod-shaped structure that provides skeletal support; typically develops into a backbone.

41
Q

Operculum

A

Large flat gill covers that protect the gills.

42
Q

Pharyngeal slits

A

Connect the inside of the throat to the outside of the neck; develop into gills in aquatic animals.

43
Q

Post-anal tail

A

An extension of the body past the anal opening.

44
Q

Spawning

A

Reproductive behavior; producing of eggs.

45
Q

Spinal cord

A

A hollow tube of nervous tissue.

46
Q

Subphylum Cephalochordata

A

Lancelets.

47
Q

Subphylum Urochordata

A

Tunicates.

48
Q

Subphylum Vertebrata

A

Vertebrates.

49
Q

Urogenital opening

A

Opening where sperm and egg cells are released.

50
Q

Vertebral column

A

Backbone with a hollow tube of nervous tissue, known as the spinal cord.

51
Q

Amniotes

A

Member of a clade of tetrapods that have an amniotic egg containing specialized membranes that protect the embryo; mammals, birds, reptiles.

52
Q

Anura

A

Meaning “tailless ones,” including frogs and toads.

53
Q

Apoda

A

Meaning “legless ones”.

54
Q

Class Amphibia

A

Amphibians - 3 orders: Anura, Urodela, and Apoda.

55
Q

Cloacal opening

A

The opening through which undigested waste, urine, egg, and sperm cells pass out of the amphibian’s body.

56
Q

Phylum Crocodilia

A

Includes crocodiles, caimans, alligators, and gharial; semi-aquatic.

57
Q

Cutaneous respiration

A

Breathing through thin, smooth, permeable skin.

58
Q

Epidermal scales

A

Arise from the skin, but are not living tissue.

59
Q

Hibernation

A

A state where metabolism, heart rate, and respiration slow down until the weather warms.

60
Q

Oviparous

A

Eggs are hatched after they’ve been laid by the parent.

61
Q

Ovoviviparous

A

Eggs are hatched inside the parent.

62
Q

Parthenogenesis

A

a) Eggs develop into embryos without fertilization.
b) Entire species is female, no males are present.

63
Q

Plasteron

A

Lower shell.

64
Q

Sphenodontia

A
  1. One living species in this order: the tuatara.
  2. Lives over 100 years.
  3. Nocturnal.
  4. Does not have external ears.
  5. Third eye located on the top of the head, used for sensing light.
65
Q

Class Squamata

A

Lizards and snakes.

66
Q

Phylum Testudines

A

Turtles and tortoises.

67
Q

Class Urodela

A

Meaning “tailed ones,” including salamanders and newts.

68
Q

Yolk sac

A

Provides food for the embryo.

69
Q

Air sacs

A

Provide a constant supply of oxygen while birds fly and keep birds cool by expelling heat.

70
Q

Brooding

A

Sitting on the eggs to keep them warm as they develop.

71
Q

Contour feathers

A

Strong feathers found on the body, wings, and tail that aid in flight.

72
Q

Down feathers

A

Soft feathers that provide insulation and are very light.

73
Q

Keratin

A

A hard protein; makes up feathers for birds.

74
Q

Migratory patterns

A

Birds relocate as the season changes where they have better access to food and nesting locations.

75
Q

Placental

A

A mammal whose offspring develop inside the female’s uterus.

76
Q

Pneumatized bones

A

Porous bones that are hollow and light.

77
Q

Torpor

A

Deep sleep with decreased heart rate but maintain warm body temperatures.

78
Q

Viviparously

A

Inside the mother.

Biology (10 decks)

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