Phylum Arthropoda, Phylum Chordata Flashcards
Abdomen
The posterior segment of an arthropod.
Aedeagus
Organ that allows males to secrete sperm.
Antennae
Organs that touch, smell, and sometimes hear.
Book lungs
Respiratory organs with many thin layers where air circulates and the exchange of gasses takes place—oxygen passes into a blood filled chamber.
Carapace
A single exoskeletal plate that cover the cephalothorax.
Chelicerae
A short pair of appendages used to capture and crush prey.
Chelipeds
Claws on the first pair of legs used for grooming, fighting, and capturing prey.
Compound eyes
Allow the animal to see in many directions at once.
Exoskeleton
Hardened outer covering of the body.
Jointed appendages
Most distinguishing characteristics of Arthropods. Structures such as a legs, wings, or antennae that extend from the body wall of an Arthropod and enables them to move and grasp objects.
Labium
Lower lip.
Mandibles
Mouthparts of arthropods used to crush and tear apart food.
Maxillae
Upper jaw; used to chew food.
Metamorphosis
Change of form;
2 types - Complete and Incomplete.
Molt
To shed hair, skin, or an outer layer periodically.
Ovipositor
Organ that allows females to deposit eggs.
Pedipalps
Used for sensing and feeding; located between Chelicerae and the first pair legs which may contain pinchers.
Saprophytes
Eat decaying leaves and plant matter.
Simple eyes
Detect the presence of light.
Spermatophore
Packet of sperm.
Spinnerets
Structures located at the tip of the abdomen, used to spin silk.
Spiracles
Small pores on each segment allowing air to enter the body.
Swimmerets
Appendages used for swimming and reproduction, located on the abdomen.
Telson
Fan shaped tail at the end of the body.
Thorax
The region between head and abdomen.
Trachea
Delivers gasses throughout the body.
Anadromous
The animal is hatched in fresh water and then migrates to salt water as an adult.
Cartilage
Strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone.
Class Agnatha
Jawless fish.
Class Amphibia
Amphibians.
Class Aves
Birds.
Class Chondrichthyes
Cartilaginous fish; sharks, skates, rays.
Class Mammalia
Mammals.
Class Osteichthyes
Bony fish.
Class Reptilia
Reptiles.
Dorsal hollow nerve cord
A bundle of nerve fibers running down the back.
Electroreception
Sense electrical signals underwater; used to locate prey.
Endoskeleton
An internal frame made of bone or cartilage that provides support for the body.
Gastrointestinal tract
Includes mouth at the anterior end of the animal and an anus at the posterior end.
Notochord
A rod-shaped structure that provides skeletal support; typically develops into a backbone.
Operculum
Large flat gill covers that protect the gills.
Pharyngeal slits
Connect the inside of the throat to the outside of the neck; develop into gills in aquatic animals.
Post-anal tail
An extension of the body past the anal opening.
Spawning
Reproductive behavior; producing of eggs.
Spinal cord
A hollow tube of nervous tissue.
Subphylum Cephalochordata
Lancelets.
Subphylum Urochordata
Tunicates.
Subphylum Vertebrata
Vertebrates.
Urogenital opening
Opening where sperm and egg cells are released.
Vertebral column
Backbone with a hollow tube of nervous tissue, known as the spinal cord.
Amniotes
Member of a clade of tetrapods that have an amniotic egg containing specialized membranes that protect the embryo; mammals, birds, reptiles.
Anura
Meaning “tailless ones,” including frogs and toads.
Apoda
Meaning “legless ones”.
Class Amphibia
Amphibians - 3 orders: Anura, Urodela, and Apoda.
Cloacal opening
The opening through which undigested waste, urine, egg, and sperm cells pass out of the amphibian’s body.
Phylum Crocodilia
Includes crocodiles, caimans, alligators, and gharial; semi-aquatic.
Cutaneous respiration
Breathing through thin, smooth, permeable skin.
Epidermal scales
Arise from the skin, but are not living tissue.
Hibernation
A state where metabolism, heart rate, and respiration slow down until the weather warms.
Oviparous
Eggs are hatched after they’ve been laid by the parent.
Ovoviviparous
Eggs are hatched inside the parent.
Parthenogenesis
a) Eggs develop into embryos without fertilization.
b) Entire species is female, no males are present.
Plasteron
Lower shell.
Sphenodontia
- One living species in this order: the tuatara.
- Lives over 100 years.
- Nocturnal.
- Does not have external ears.
- Third eye located on the top of the head, used for sensing light.
Class Squamata
Lizards and snakes.
Phylum Testudines
Turtles and tortoises.
Class Urodela
Meaning “tailed ones,” including salamanders and newts.
Yolk sac
Provides food for the embryo.
Air sacs
Provide a constant supply of oxygen while birds fly and keep birds cool by expelling heat.
Brooding
Sitting on the eggs to keep them warm as they develop.
Contour feathers
Strong feathers found on the body, wings, and tail that aid in flight.
Down feathers
Soft feathers that provide insulation and are very light.
Keratin
A hard protein; makes up feathers for birds.
Migratory patterns
Birds relocate as the season changes where they have better access to food and nesting locations.
Placental
A mammal whose offspring develop inside the female’s uterus.
Pneumatized bones
Porous bones that are hollow and light.
Torpor
Deep sleep with decreased heart rate but maintain warm body temperatures.
Viviparously
Inside the mother.
