Cellular Metabolism cont. Life Cycle of a Cell, Genetics

Question 1

Cellular Metabolism

Answer 1

Chemical reactions which includes breaking down food for energy then using it for the organism.

Question 2

Catabolic Process

Answer 2

A series of pathways where Molecules are broken down into smaller bits and energy is released.

Question 3

Anabolism

Answer 3

when organisms make compounds needed by the cells.

Question 4

Protein Synthesis

Answer 4

An Anabolic process where cells combine Amino Acids in different ways to form proteins.

Question 5

Who discovered the shape of DNA?

Answer 5

James Watson and Francis Crick.

Question 6

What is the shape of DNA?

Answer 6

A Double Helix.

Question 7

DNA is made of what?

Answer 7

Nucleotides consisting of 3 smaller units:
1. A Nitrogen base.
2. A simple sugar.
3. A Phosphate group.

Question 8

Adenine always pairs with…

Answer 8

Guanine.

Question 9

Cytosine always pairs with…

Answer 9

Thymine.

Question 10

What is a Genome?

Answer 10

The complete collection of a cell’s DNA genetic material.

Question 11

What is a Gene?

Answer 11

A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or specific strand of RNA

Question 12

What are Chromosomes?

Answer 12

Coils of DNA that are bundled up into organized structures.

Question 13

Chromatin

Answer 13

The complex of DNA and Histones.

Question 14

Histones

Answer 14

DNA wrapped around proteins which package up DNA more compactly.

Question 15

The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology is…

Answer 15

The 3-step process of Protein Synthesis:
1. DNA Replication.
2. RNA Transcription.
3. Protein Translation.

Question 16

The Life Cycle of a Cell…

Answer 16

Is divided into two phases:
1. Interphase.
2. Mitotic Phase.

Question 17

Interphase

Answer 17

Where all normal cellular activities occur.

Question 18

Interphase is broken down into 3 phase:

Answer 18

1. G1 Phase.
2. S Phase.
3. G2 Phase.

Question 19

Mitosis phase is broken down into 4 phases:

Answer 19

1. Prophase.
2. Metaphase.
3. Anaphase.
4. Telophase.

Question 20

Gamete

Answer 20

Two cells that come together to form new organisms.

Question 21

Miosis 1 is broken down into 5 phases:

Answer 21

1. Interphase.
2. Prophase 1.
3. Metaphase 1.
4. Anaphase 1.
5. Telophase 1.

Question 22

Miosis 2 is broken down into 4 phases:

Answer 22

1. Prophase 2.
2. Metaphase 2.
3. Anaphase 2.
4. Telophase 2.

Question 23

Structural Genes

Answer 23

Responsible for coding outward appearance and inward components of a persons cells.

Question 24

Regulatory Genes

Answer 24

Code for proteins which turn Genes on and off.

Question 25

Mutations

Answer 25

Errors in the genetic code.

Question 26

Eugenics

Answer 26

Good origins.

Question 27

The goal of Eugenics is…

Answer 27

To increase the types of people seen as desirable and decrease the populations of people seen as undesirable.

e.g. The Jewish Holocaust during World War 2

Question 28

Cloning

Answer 28

Genetic Duplication

Question 29

Genetic Engineering

Answer 29

When genes of an organism are changed through artificial means to alter an organism’s Phenotype.