Kingdom Animalia, the Worms, Creatures in the Sea, Phylum Mollusca Flashcards
Phylum Annelida
Segmented worms.
Amebocytes
Cells in a sponge that perform digestion and transport functions.
Phylum Arthropoda
Insects, lobsters, and spiders.
Asymmetrical
Animals with no symmetry.
Bilateral Symmetry
Organs can be divided through the center to create mirror images.
Blastula
A hollow ball of cells.
Phylum Chordata
Fish, birds, reptiles, mammals.
Cleavage
When a single cell is converted to a multicellular zygote.
Phylum Cnidaria
Jellyfish and sea anemones.
Collar Cells
Line the inside of the sponge’s hollow sac-like body; appear to have a collar, with flagella that extend from the collar.
Phylum Echinodermata
Sea star and sea urchins.
Ectoderm
Outside layer.
Ectothermic
Body temperature rises and falls with the temperature of the surrounding environment.
Endoderm
Inside layer.
Endoskeleton
An internal skeleton made up of plates called ossicles.
Endothermic
Use energy from cellular respiration to keep warm.
Exoskeleton
Plated outer covering.
Gastrulation
Occurs when cells move inside the blastula and form multiple layers of cells called germ layers.
Germ Layers
Multiple layers of cells: ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm.
Hermaphroditic
Having both male and female reproductive organs that produce both eggs and sperm.
Hydroskeleton
Fluid-filled compartment in the body.
Invertebrates
Animals that don’t have a backbone.
Mesenchyme
A jelly-like substance that separates the Epidermis from the inner cells in a sponge.
Mesoderm
Middle germ layer that will form the circulatory system, muscles, and bones.
Phylum Mollusca
Clams, snails, and squids.
Motile
Capable of movement.
Phylum Nematoda
Roundworms.
Phylum Porifera
Sponges.
Radial Symmetry
Organism can be divided in many different ways to form mirror images.
Sessile
An organism that does not move.
Spicules
A network support system made of lime or silica with a hard spiny feel.
Spongin
A web of protein with a soft feel.
Vertebrates
Animals that have backbones.
Aortic Aches
Function as a tiny hearts that pumps blood through the vessels.
Clitellum
A barrel-shaped swelling around the body that assists in reproduction.
Complete digestive system
Digestive system consisting of a digestive tract and two body openings;
Worms use a shovel-like upper lip to scoop soil into their mouth and pass it into the pharynx.
Then it moves into the crop, then finally the gizzard (stomach) where muscular contractions grind the soil.
Cuticle
Protects roundworms from the digestive enzymes of the host.
Eyespots
Sense light.
Flatworms
- Parasitic Flatworms: organisms that live on or in another organism and benefit by taking nutrients from that organism at the expense of the host.
- Free-living Flatworms: can live on land, in the ocean, or in fresh water.
- Classes of Flatworms:
A) Flukes (parasitic)
B) Tapeworms (parasitic)
C) Planarians (free-living)
Flukes
Parasitic flatworms; require at least two hosts and spend part of their lives in snails.
Ganglion
Mass of nerve cells that functions like a simple “brain” in the anterior.
Phylum Nematoda
Roundworms.
Nephridia
Coiled tubes that are open at both ends and function as tiny kidneys.
Parasites
Organisms that live off of other organisms.
Peristalsis
A wave-like process that moves food through the digestive system.
Planarians
Free-living flatworms.
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Flatworms.
Roundworms
- Bodies resemble a thread.
- Live in nearly every environment.
- Can be free living or parasitic.
Scolex
The small, knoblike head of a tapeworm.
Segmented Worms
- Bodies appear to have ringed
segments. - Found in different habitats.
- Parasitic and free-living species.
Setae
Bristle-like structures that help segmented worms move.
Tapeworms
Parasitic flatworm; have no mouth or digestive system, but absorb nutrients from their host.
Ampulla
Muscle structures on the internal side of tube feet.
Phylum Anthozoa
Sea anemones and corals.
Class Asteroidea
Sea stars
Class Echinoidea
Sea urchins and sand dollars.
Class Holothuroidea
Sea cucumbers.
Class Ophiuroidea
Brittle stars.
Cnidocytes
Stinging cells on tentacles.
Contractile cells
Bend the organism’s body allowing it to move through the water.
Coral
Colonial creatures: each coral is an individual multicellular organism, but they form a colony that’s interdependent on one another.
Epithelium
Contains nerve cells and contractile cells.
Endoskeleton
An internal skeleton made up of plates called ossicles.
Class Hydrozoa
Hydra, hydroid colonies, and the Portuguese Man-of-War.
Lateral canals
Branch perpendicularly off the radial canals and terminate at tube feet.
Medusa
a) Umbrella shaped body with it’s mouth facing downward and tentacles extending around it.
b) Motile
Mesoglea
A jelly-like substance between the inner layer and outer layer of cells in a cnidarian.
Nematocysts
Coiled tubes containing an attached barb that discharges a toxin when launched.
Ossicles
Plates that make up the endoskeleton.
Papulae
Tubular extensions that assist in gas exchange.
Pentaradial symmetry
Have 5 arms evenly distributed around a central disc.
Polyp
a) Cup-shaped tubular body form with a mouth and tentacles at one end, and a base that attaches to a hard surface on the other end.
b) Sessile
Radial Canals
Extend from central part of the echinoderm’s body down each ray,
Ring canal
Where water enters, surrounding the mouth.
Class Scyphozoa
Jellyfish.
Sieve plate
Filters sea water before it enters the system.
Symbiotic
Relationships with certain organisms where both organisms benefit from one another.
Tube feet
Hollow feet-like knobs.
Water vascular system
A system of tubes filled with water extending through their entire body.
Adductor Muscles
Strong muscles holding the shells together.
Bivalves
Suspension feeders, filtering water and feeding on food suspended in water.
Cephalopods
A member of a group of mollusks that include squids and octopus.
Cilia
Hair like extensions on the gills move the food to the mouth where it’s ingested.
Closed circulatory system
a) Blood vessels that move blood through their body.
b) Two branchial hearts which move the deoxygenated blood to the gills.
c) One systemic heart which pumps blood throughout the body.
Excurrent siphon
Area where water leaves the bivalve’s body.
Phylum Gastropods
Snails and slugs.
Hinge teeth
Interlock to prevent valves from sliding sideways when closed.
Incurrent siphon
Moves water into the cavity to the gills where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged.
Mantle
An outer body wall covering the visceral hump.
Marine
Of or relating to the sea.
Muscular foot
Found inside the shells and used for movement.
Nacre
Secreted in thin layers coating irritants or parasites inside the shell, creating a pearl.
Open circulatory system
With a heart but no blood vessels.
Radula
Rough, tongue-like organ used to scrape food into their mouth and carry it to the digestive track.
Sessile
Fixed in one place; immobile.
Suspension feeders
Bivalves, filtering water and feeding on food suspended in water.
Tentacles
Long arm-like limbs with suction cups, like on an octopus.
Umbo
The small bulge on the two shells near the hinge.
Visceral mass
Located between the two sides of the mantle and contains most of the organism’s organs.
