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Biology > Kingdom Animalia, the Worms, Creatures in the Sea, Phylum Mollusca > Flashcards

Kingdom Animalia, the Worms, Creatures in the Sea, Phylum Mollusca Flashcards

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1
Q

Phylum Annelida

A

Segmented worms.

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2
Q

Amebocytes

A

Cells in a sponge that perform digestion and transport functions.

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3
Q

Phylum Arthropoda

A

Insects, lobsters, and spiders.

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4
Q

Asymmetrical

A

Animals with no symmetry.

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5
Q

Bilateral Symmetry

A

Organs can be divided through the center to create mirror images.

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6
Q

Blastula

A

A hollow ball of cells.

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7
Q

Phylum Chordata

A

Fish, birds, reptiles, mammals.

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8
Q

Cleavage

A

When a single cell is converted to a multicellular zygote.

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9
Q

Phylum Cnidaria

A

Jellyfish and sea anemones.

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10
Q

Collar Cells

A

Line the inside of the sponge’s hollow sac-like body; appear to have a collar, with flagella that extend from the collar.

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11
Q

Phylum Echinodermata

A

Sea star and sea urchins.

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12
Q

Ectoderm

A

Outside layer.

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13
Q

Ectothermic

A

Body temperature rises and falls with the temperature of the surrounding environment.

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14
Q

Endoderm

A

Inside layer.

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15
Q

Endoskeleton

A

An internal skeleton made up of plates called ossicles.

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16
Q

Endothermic

A

Use energy from cellular respiration to keep warm.

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17
Q

Exoskeleton

A

Plated outer covering.

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18
Q

Gastrulation

A

Occurs when cells move inside the blastula and form multiple layers of cells called germ layers.

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19
Q

Germ Layers

A

Multiple layers of cells: ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm.

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20
Q

Hermaphroditic

A

Having both male and female reproductive organs that produce both eggs and sperm.

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21
Q

Hydroskeleton

A

Fluid-filled compartment in the body.

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22
Q

Invertebrates

A

Animals that don’t have a backbone.

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23
Q

Mesenchyme

A

A jelly-like substance that separates the Epidermis from the inner cells in a sponge.

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24
Q

Mesoderm

A

Middle germ layer that will form the circulatory system, muscles, and bones.

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25
Q

Phylum Mollusca

A

Clams, snails, and squids.

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26
Q

Motile

A

Capable of movement.

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27
Q

Phylum Nematoda

A

Roundworms.

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28
Q

Phylum Porifera

A

Sponges.

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29
Q

Radial Symmetry

A

Organism can be divided in many different ways to form mirror images.

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30
Q

Sessile

A

An organism that does not move.

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31
Q

Spicules

A

A network support system made of lime or silica with a hard spiny feel.

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32
Q

Spongin

A

A web of protein with a soft feel.

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33
Q

Vertebrates

A

Animals that have backbones.

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34
Q

Aortic Aches

A

Function as a tiny hearts that pumps blood through the vessels.

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35
Q

Clitellum

A

A barrel-shaped swelling around the body that assists in reproduction.

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36
Q

Complete digestive system

A

Digestive system consisting of a digestive tract and two body openings;
Worms use a shovel-like upper lip to scoop soil into their mouth and pass it into the pharynx.
Then it moves into the crop, then finally the gizzard (stomach) where muscular contractions grind the soil.

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37
Q

Cuticle

A

Protects roundworms from the digestive enzymes of the host.

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38
Q

Eyespots

A

Sense light.

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39
Q

Flatworms

A
  1. Parasitic Flatworms: organisms that live on or in another organism and benefit by taking nutrients from that organism at the expense of the host.
  2. Free-living Flatworms: can live on land, in the ocean, or in fresh water.
  3. Classes of Flatworms:
    A) Flukes (parasitic)
    B) Tapeworms (parasitic)
    C) Planarians (free-living)
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40
Q

Flukes

A

Parasitic flatworms; require at least two hosts and spend part of their lives in snails.

41
Q

Ganglion

A

Mass of nerve cells that functions like a simple “brain” in the anterior.

42
Q

Phylum Nematoda

A

Roundworms.

43
Q

Nephridia

A

Coiled tubes that are open at both ends and function as tiny kidneys.

44
Q

Parasites

A

Organisms that live off of other organisms.

45
Q

Peristalsis

A

A wave-like process that moves food through the digestive system.

46
Q

Planarians

A

Free-living flatworms.

47
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes

A

Flatworms.

48
Q

Roundworms

A
  1. Bodies resemble a thread.
  2. Live in nearly every environment.
  3. Can be free living or parasitic.
49
Q

Scolex

A

The small, knoblike head of a tapeworm.

50
Q

Segmented Worms

A
  1. Bodies appear to have ringed
    segments.
  2. Found in different habitats.
  3. Parasitic and free-living species.
51
Q

Setae

A

Bristle-like structures that help segmented worms move.

52
Q

Tapeworms

A

Parasitic flatworm; have no mouth or digestive system, but absorb nutrients from their host.

53
Q

Ampulla

A

Muscle structures on the internal side of tube feet.

54
Q

Phylum Anthozoa

A

Sea anemones and corals.

55
Q

Class Asteroidea

A

Sea stars

56
Q

Class Echinoidea

A

Sea urchins and sand dollars.

57
Q

Class Holothuroidea

A

Sea cucumbers.

58
Q

Class Ophiuroidea

A

Brittle stars.

59
Q

Cnidocytes

A

Stinging cells on tentacles.

60
Q

Contractile cells

A

Bend the organism’s body allowing it to move through the water.

61
Q

Coral

A

Colonial creatures: each coral is an individual multicellular organism, but they form a colony that’s interdependent on one another.

62
Q

Epithelium

A

Contains nerve cells and contractile cells.

63
Q

Endoskeleton

A

An internal skeleton made up of plates called ossicles.

64
Q

Class Hydrozoa

A

Hydra, hydroid colonies, and the Portuguese Man-of-War.

65
Q

Lateral canals

A

Branch perpendicularly off the radial canals and terminate at tube feet.

66
Q

Medusa

A

a) Umbrella shaped body with it’s mouth facing downward and tentacles extending around it.
b) Motile

67
Q

Mesoglea

A

A jelly-like substance between the inner layer and outer layer of cells in a cnidarian.

68
Q

Nematocysts

A

Coiled tubes containing an attached barb that discharges a toxin when launched.

69
Q

Ossicles

A

Plates that make up the endoskeleton.

70
Q

Papulae

A

Tubular extensions that assist in gas exchange.

71
Q

Pentaradial symmetry

A

Have 5 arms evenly distributed around a central disc.

72
Q

Polyp

A

a) Cup-shaped tubular body form with a mouth and tentacles at one end, and a base that attaches to a hard surface on the other end.

b) Sessile

73
Q

Radial Canals

A

Extend from central part of the echinoderm’s body down each ray,

74
Q

Ring canal

A

Where water enters, surrounding the mouth.

75
Q

Class Scyphozoa

A

Jellyfish.

76
Q

Sieve plate

A

Filters sea water before it enters the system.

77
Q

Symbiotic

A

Relationships with certain organisms where both organisms benefit from one another.

78
Q

Tube feet

A

Hollow feet-like knobs.

79
Q

Water vascular system

A

A system of tubes filled with water extending through their entire body.

80
Q

Adductor Muscles

A

Strong muscles holding the shells together.

81
Q

Bivalves

A

Suspension feeders, filtering water and feeding on food suspended in water.

82
Q

Cephalopods

A

A member of a group of mollusks that include squids and octopus.

83
Q

Cilia

A

Hair like extensions on the gills move the food to the mouth where it’s ingested.

84
Q

Closed circulatory system

A

a) Blood vessels that move blood through their body.
b) Two branchial hearts which move the deoxygenated blood to the gills.
c) One systemic heart which pumps blood throughout the body.

85
Q

Excurrent siphon

A

Area where water leaves the bivalve’s body.

86
Q

Phylum Gastropods

A

Snails and slugs.

87
Q

Hinge teeth

A

Interlock to prevent valves from sliding sideways when closed.

88
Q

Incurrent siphon

A

Moves water into the cavity to the gills where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged.

89
Q

Mantle

A

An outer body wall covering the visceral hump.

90
Q

Marine

A

Of or relating to the sea.

91
Q

Muscular foot

A

Found inside the shells and used for movement.

92
Q

Nacre

A

Secreted in thin layers coating irritants or parasites inside the shell, creating a pearl.

93
Q

Open circulatory system

A

With a heart but no blood vessels.

94
Q

Radula

A

Rough, tongue-like organ used to scrape food into their mouth and carry it to the digestive track.

95
Q

Sessile

A

Fixed in one place; immobile.

96
Q

Suspension feeders

A

Bivalves, filtering water and feeding on food suspended in water.

97
Q

Tentacles

A

Long arm-like limbs with suction cups, like on an octopus.

98
Q

Umbo

A

The small bulge on the two shells near the hinge.

99
Q

Visceral mass

A

Located between the two sides of the mantle and contains most of the organism’s organs.

Biology (10 decks)

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