Human Anatomy Parts 1 & 2 Flashcards
Appendicular skeleton
bones that attach to the axial skeleton
Axial Skeleton
bones that support the head, neck, and trunk.
Cardiac Muscle
tissue only found in the heart.
Carpal
Wrist bone that attach the hand to the arm.
Cartilage
strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone.
Circulatory
a) Includes: heart, veins, arteries, and capillaries
b) Function: moves blood
Clavicle
attaches to the thorax
Compact bone
strong, dense bone found in the diaphysis
Coxal bones
two large, heavy bones that attach to the sacrum of the axial skeleton
Diaphysis
shaft of the bone
Digestive system
breaks down food into smaller components that can be utilized by the body; filters harmful substances in food
Endocrine system
a) includes: pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pineal gland, and the adrenal gland
b) Function: sends chemical messages through the body
Endomysium
a protective layer that wraps each muscle fiber.
Epimysium
surrounds entire muscle
Epiphysis
bulging end of the bone
Excretory or Urinary system
a) Includes: Sweat glands, kidneys, bladder, and urethra. b) Functions: removes wastes
Fascicle
bundle of muscle fibers
Femur
the bone at the top of the leg
Flat bones
protect vital organs, such as the ribs and cranial bones
Fibula
Smaller lower leg bone
Haversian canals
small tunnels created by osteoclasts as they move through the bones
Hemopoiesis
Manufactures red blood cells, platelets, and some types of white blood in the
red bone marrow
Humerus
large bone at the top of the arm
Immune or Lymphatic system
a) Includes: white blood cells, lymph nodes and vessels, bone marrow, thymus gland, spleen, and tonsils
b) Function: defense system
Insertion
location where the muscle attaches to a moveable bone
Integumentary system
a) Includes: skin, hair, and nails
b) Function: protection and sensory input
Irregular bones
do not fall into one of the other categories
Ligaments
Connect bone to bone
Long bones
longer than they are wide, such as the femur and humerus
Medullary cavity
the hollow area inside the diaphysis of a bone; contains soft yellow bone marrow
Metacarpal
form the bones of the hand
Metatarsals
make up the bones of the foot
Muscular
a) Includes: muscles and tendons
b) Function: movement and strength
Myofibrils
threadlike structures that make up muscle fibers
Osteoblasts
move in to construct new bone matrix inside the Haversian canals
Osteoclasts
move through our bones and break down old cells to make room for new ones
Pectoral girdle
attaches the upper limbs to the axial skeleton
Pelvic girdle
attaches the lower limbs to the axial skeleton
Perimysium
connective tissue surrounding a fascicle
Periosteum
protective sheet encasing the bone