Phylum Anthropoda Flashcards
What is the largest phylum in animal kingdom
Anthropods
Largest phylum Bilateral symmetry Jointed appendages Sophisticated sense organs Exoskeleton
Characteristics of crustaceans
What are Anthropods skeletons made of?
Chitin
Can be tough or soft and flexible
Relatively impermeable to water
Flexible enough in joints to allow movement
Anthropod skeletons
What are the exoskeleton drawbacks?
Relatively heavy and it doesn’t grow with the animal so the animal must molt
Ecdysis
Molting
What happens during Ecdysis?
When the exoskeleton is ready, the animal contracts muscles and takes in air and water.
Animal swells until old exoskeleton splits usually along back
What is Ecdysis controlled and initiated by?
Controlled by hormones produced in the head
Initiated by changes in the environment
What are the 3 sections of the crustacean?
Head
Thorax
Abdomen
Sometimes the head and thorax fuse to form
Cephalothorax
How many pairs of walking legs?
5
What are the shorter antennas called?
Antennules
Anthropods have extensive cephalization…
Compound eyes
Sophisticated brain
Antennae detect changes
How do Anthropods respirate
Gills, tracheal system, book gills
What does the Anthropod nervous system contain?
Double ventral nerve cord
Anterior brain
Ganglia (control center for body)
Anthropods have what kind of circulatory system?
Open
Body fluid is called
Hemolymph
Anthropods have complete digestive tract that includes
Mouth, stomach, intestine, anus, and mandible
Mandibles open from
Side to side
What is the reproductive system like in Anthropods?
They are dioecious, they have internal fertilization, ostracods and Branchiopoda reproduce by parthenogenesis (eggs develop without sperm)
Subphylum Crustacea includes
Crabs, lobsters, etc.
Marine, freshwater and terrestrial
Fused cephalothorax
2 pairs of antennae
Crustacea
What are the classes within Crustacea?
Maxillapoda
Malacostraca
Barnacles and Copepods
Maxillapoda
Crabs, lobster, shrimp, krill
Malacostraca
Have flexible body plan that allows them to live in all biomes.
Anthropods
What are Copepods
Microscopic planktonic organisms
Important part of food web
Sessile
Cause problems to ships by increasing drag
Filter feeders
Barnacles
Largest group of crustaceans
Usually 8 legs, first 2 used for feeding
2 chambered stomach
Malacostraca
Crabs lobster shrimp
Decapoda
5 pairs of walking legs
First pair is modified to form chelipeds which catch prey and defend animal
Decapoda
Shrimp like animals that are filter feeders and feed on zooplankton
Most species are bioluminescent
Krill
Scavengers
Found on bottoms
On land known as pill bugs
9 marine species
Order Isopoda
Contains 2 segments (cephalothorax and abdomen)
Merostamata
Contains only 4 species
Horseshoe crab more closely related to spiders than crabs
The blood is blue because it has cooper
Has enzyme which release a natural antibiotic to fight bacteria
Blood used to detect bacteria in medical supplies and drugs
Merostamata
Sea spiders
Can’t spin webs
Contains 4-6 pairs of legs
1300 known species
Pycnogonida
The process of fusion of the body regions in Anthropods
Tagmosis
Class for horseshoe crab
Merostamata
The most important order of crustaceans for human
Decapoda
Which cell layer secretes the exoskeleton of crustaceans
Epidermis
Which body region of lobster do humans eat
Abdomen
What do you call the first pair of appendages on a horseshoe crab
Chelicerae
Horseshoe crabs use this to turn themselves over and for defense
Telson
Head and thorax fused
Cephalothorax
To what body region are the legs of Decapoda attached
Thorax
Fused specialized body regions in Arthropoda
Tagmata
Which organisms feed with a large suctorial proboscis?
Sea spiders
Molting process
Ecdysis
Molting occurs most frequently during what life cycle?
Larval
Horseshoe crab respiratory organs are called
Book gills
The exoskeleton of crustaceans is composed of this material
Chitin
Chambers filled with fluid and lined with sensitive hairs that help with balance and equilibrium
Statocysts
Most female crustaceans brood their fertilized eggs on what body region?
Abdomen
The hard outer cuticle which covers and protects the body of a decapod
Carapace
What is the first larval form for most crustaceans called
Zoea
The ability of crustaceans to release an injured appendage
Autonomy
Structured with which barnacles feed
Cirri (legs)
Larval stage of barnacle
Nauplius
Excretory and osmotegulatory organs located on the head of the crayfish
Green glands
Subclass of Copepods
Copepoda
Subclass for barnacles
Cirripedia
Which pair of mouth parts are jawed feet that situate and hold the food in front of the mouth
Maxillipeds
This part of the crayfishes stomach has calcareous teeth which grind food particles
Gastric mill
The most common type of reproductive strategy used by crustaceans
Sexual external fertilization
This pair of mouth parts actually crush and grind the food so are involved in the actual ingestion
Mandibles
The two types of barnacles are stalked and
Acorn
Chelipeds are
Claws
The abdominal appendages of lost crustaceans are used to carry eggs
True
Which of these is also called a decorator crab
Spider crab
The order in which the blue crab is found
Decapoda
The only pelagic Decapoda
Shrimp
When do shrimp typically migrate to the surface to feed
Evening and predawn
Crustaceans consume their cast off exoskeleton much of the time for needed protein and calcium carbonate
False
Barnacles are always sessile
False
Has an oversized claw used for combat or courtship display
Fiddler crab
All crabs are aquatic
False
The most powerful and agile swimmers of all marine crustaceans
Blue crabs
Inhabit abandoned Gastropoda shells
Hermit crabs
Spiny lobster are protected from April to the end of July
True
Used by farmers as livestock feed until it was discovered that it caused the meat to taste bad
Horseshoe crab
