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Marine Science > 1st Semester Exam Review > Flashcards

1st Semester Exam Review Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

3 primary reasons for early civilizations to interact with the ocean

A

Food, trade, discovering new lands

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2
Q

Photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O ➡️ C6H12O6 + 6O2

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3
Q

Sponges feed by

A

Circulating water through their body. Most food is digested by amebocytes

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4
Q

Archaeocytes vs choanocytes

A

Choanocytes have flagella that move food

Archaeocytes circulate food and water

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5
Q

Scientist

A

Someone who uses the process of science to find answers about how and why things work in the world and universe

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6
Q

How much have humans explored the ocean?

A

5%

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7
Q

Marine science

A

The process of discovering facts and processes that explain the ocean, it’s life forms, and it’s interaction with other earth systems

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8
Q

What made true exploration of the ocean possible

A

Technology

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9
Q

Science

A

Body of knowledge and method to gain knowledge about the observable universe

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10
Q

Hypothesis

A

Educated guess that you can test

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11
Q

Theory

A

Scientific explanation eith observable evidence to support it

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12
Q

Phoenician contributions?

A

Established the first trade route throughout the Mediterranean and as far north as Great Britain

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13
Q

Significance of Polynesian seafaring?

A

Earliest regular, long distance, open ocean seafaring

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14
Q

Parallel is another name for

A

Latitude lines

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15
Q

The 0 degree parallel is called

A

Equator

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16
Q

Meridian is another name for

A

Longitude lines

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17
Q

2 technological innovations found in Chinese ships by the mid 1400s were

A

Central rudders, watertight compartments

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18
Q

Primary motivations for ocean explorations of the 15th century

A

Economics, politics, religion

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19
Q

Change that led to growth and expansion of marine science in the 20th century was primarily

A

Science and technology of the industrial revolution

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20
Q

Noted discovery made by the second H. M.S. Challenger was

A

Finding the deepest part of the ocean (Mariana’s trench)

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21
Q

AUVs

A

Untethered with own power source, piloted by onboard computer

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22
Q

ROV

A

Unmanned ship with propellers

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23
Q

Pelagic vs benthic

A

Sea vs depths of the sea

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24
Q

Photic zone

A

Lighted region of ocean where photosynthesis occurs

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25
Q

Plankton

A

Plants/animals that exist adrift in ocean currents

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26
Q

Nekton

A

Organisms that swim

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27
Q

Neuston

A

Float on surface ex: Portuguese man of war

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28
Q

Primary consumer

A

Organism that eats autotroph

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29
Q

Secondary consumer

A

Eats primary consumer

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30
Q

How much available energy transfers from each level of the trophic pyramid to the next

A

10%

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31
Q

Zooplankton

A

Feed on phytoplankton and smaller zooplankton

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32
Q

Holdfast

A

Attaches kelp to rock

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33
Q

Stipe

A

Connects to the blade

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34
Q

Air bladders

A

Keep leaf blades floating toward surface to receive sunlight

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35
Q

Term that means separate sexes

A

Dioecious

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36
Q

Two classes of cnidarian that spend their adult stage in polyp body form?

A

Hydrozoan and Anthozoan

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37
Q

Produces a Calcium carbonate cup or skeleton in which it lives

A

Hard coral

38
Q

How does science progress?

A

Technology and disproving theories

39
Q

What contributions did the Egyptians make to navigation circa 3200 BC?

A

First recorded voyage

40
Q

First expedition around the world was led by who, when?

A

Magellan, 1519-1522

41
Q

Darwins hypothesis explains that coral reefs form through a process of coral growth as

A

The sea floor subsides

42
Q

Expedition commonly recognized as the first developed entirely to marine science is

A

Challenger expedition

43
Q

Benefits of gps on seafaring and oceanography?

A

Navigation more accurate

44
Q

Autotroph

A

Makes its own food

45
Q

Heterotroph

A

Must consume food

46
Q

Nekton

A

Organisms that swim (fish, sharks, etc)

47
Q

Organisms that live on the sea bottom

A

Epifauna, epiflora

48
Q

Organisms that live buried or partially buried in sea bottom

A

Infauna

49
Q

Cellular respiration

A

Converting glucose into a usable energy form

50
Q

Most primary production in the sea from

A

Phytoplankton

51
Q

Diatom is an organism characterized by

A

She’ll made of silica

52
Q

Trophic pyramid

A

Energy transfers from one level of organisms to the next as they consume each other

53
Q

A good web better represents the flow of energy in nature than a trophic pyramid because

A

It shows more detail

54
Q

Decomposition is essential to life because

A

Organic material is broken down into inorganic material

55
Q

The bioluminescent phytoplankton Noctiluca and the red tide organism Karenia breve are found in which group?

A

Dinoflagellates

56
Q

What might affect phytoplankton growth rates?

A

Clarity, salinity, available nutrients

57
Q

Meroplankton

A

Spend part of their life as plankton

58
Q

Holoplankton

A

Spend entire life as plankton

59
Q

Outer transparent case of the diatom is composed of what material?

A

Silica

60
Q

What’s the cause of loss of salt marsh, mangrove, and other estuarine habitat?

A

Construction

61
Q

Larval stages of starfish, barnacles, and crabs belong to which type of plankton?

A

Zooplankton, meroplankton

62
Q

Examples of low energy shorelines where salt marshes can be found?

A

Bay, bayou, sound

63
Q

Estuary

A

Salt and freshwater meet

64
Q

Prop roots or drop roots are found on the

A

Red mangrove

65
Q

Why are estuaries important?

A

Nursery for juvenile fish

66
Q

Zooxanthellae is

A

Mutualistic algae

67
Q

Separate sexes

A

Dioecious

68
Q

Two classes of Cnidaria that spend their adult stage as polyps?

A

Hydrozoa, Anthozoa

69
Q

Nematocysts

A

Coiled, harpoon like stinger inside cnidocyte

70
Q

Which organism produces a calcium carbonate cup or skeleton in which it lives?

A

Hard coral polyp

71
Q

Ephyra

A

Juvenile medusa

72
Q

What type of relationship between the coral animal and the algae that lives within its tissue?

A

Mutualistic

73
Q

Planula

A

Ciliates larval stage of jellyfish

74
Q

Which organism can move by sliding on its pedal disc?

A

Anemone

75
Q

How many rows of comb plates are found on comb jellies?

A

8

76
Q

What is the nerve net found on jellyfish?

A

Nervous system

77
Q

What hydrozoan is actually a colony of special polyps that depend on each other for survival?

A

Portuguese man of war

78
Q

What type of symmetry is exhibited by Cnidarians?

A

Radial

79
Q

What type of symmetry is exhibited in sponges?

A

Asymmetric

80
Q

The cell that secretes and encloses the nematocyst on Cnidarians

A

Cnidocyte

81
Q

Collapse of the canal and structure of a sponge is prevented by what?

A

Spicules

82
Q

Organisms which can reproduce both sexually and asexually are called?

A

Monoecious

83
Q

How do sponges reproduce?

A

Budding, gemmules, sexual

84
Q

Internal cavity or inner chamber of the sponge

A

Spongocoel

85
Q

Classes of the Porifera phylum are separated based on what?

A

Spicules

86
Q

Water enters a sponge through what?

A

Ostia

87
Q

Sponges feed on

A

Bacteria, algae, protozoans, detritus

88
Q

Only true system found on sponges?

A

Skeletal

89
Q

Sponge sex cells leave the sponge by way of the

A

Excurrent flow

90
Q

Oscula

A

Large opening in a sponge where wastes exit

91
Q

Skeletal structures of sponges are composed of

A

Calcium carbonate, spicules, spongin, silicon dioxide

92
Q

Possible uses for sponge toxin?

A
  • temper rejection of organ transplant
  • slow or stop growth of anger cells
  • anti-inflammatory

Marine Science (12 decks)

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