Cnidarians & Ctenophorans Flashcards
What type of animals are most in the phylum Cnidaria?
Marine (jellyfish, coral, sea anemones, Portuguese man of war)
Hydras are found where?
Freshwater
In the phylum Cnidaria all have what?
Arm-like tentacles
Cnidarian a have what kind of symmetry?
Radial
Cnidarians have a single gut (gastrovascular cavity) that has a single opening that serves as what?
Both mouth and anus
The cnidarians have how many tissue layers?
2 (diploblastic)
The cnidarian has
An outer epidermis and inner gastro dermis
Cnidarians are either
Tubular or bell shaped
Between two cell layers that supports cnidarians
Jelly like mesoglea
Tentacles surround the
Mouth
Cnidarians are the only animal with
Cnidocytes (stinging cells)
The cnidocytes are found where?
The tentacles
Coiled, harpoon like stinger inside the cnidocytes that shoot out
Nematocysts
Cnidocytes contain
Poison to paralyze prey
Tentacles bring food into
The mouth
The inner gastrodermis secretes
Digestive juices into the gastro vascular cavity
The gastro vascular cavity
Digests food and circulates nutrients
Food is digested outside the cell
Extra cellular digestion
Cnidarians systems have a simple
Nerve net and sensory receptors
In Cnidarians muscles help in
Directional movement and capturing prey
Scyphozoans
Jelly fish
Anthozoans
Sea anemones, corals
Hydrozoans
Hydra
Cubozoa
Box jellies
In the scyphozoan what is the dominant body form?
Medusa
The scyphozoans go through
A small polyp stage during their life cycle
Scyphozoans have
Stinging tentacles
Jellyfish may live
Close to the shore or the open ocean
Brightly colored and resemble flowers
Solitary polyps
Feed on invertebrates and fish
Sea anemones
Sea anemones have a mutualistic relationship with
Various species of anemone fish
The fish receive protection from living in the anemone and the anemone recieved
Food from the fish
Most are colonial
Corals
Hard corals build
Limestone case
Corals live as
Polyps in their case
Most corals have a symbiotic relationship with
Zooanthellae (dinoflagellate algae)
The algae live inside the coral providing
Food and helping to eliminate waste through photosynthesis
Corals grow best in
Tropical well lit and clear water
Many also have algae inside them
Anemones
Hard coral are the most ecologically significant thanks to
The massive calcium carbonate reefs they build
Sensitive to runoffs, fertilizers, etc.
Corals
When a coral is stressed and becomes colorless
Coral bleaching
Coral bleaching is a sign of
A diseased and dying colony
Soft coral and sea fans grow into
Treelike structures built on protein skeletons
NOT reef builders
Corals
Exist only as polyps
Hydra
Reproduce by budding
Hydra
Fresh water only
Hydra
Move by somersaulting with tentacles
Hydrozoans
Form resistant zygotes when the environment is bad
Hydra
Hydra
Portuguese man of war
Portuguese man of war are
Colonia
Portuguese man of war contain
Tentacles
In hydra polyps
In colony feed
Portuguese man of war has
Has filled air float
Most hydrozoans alternate
Polyp and medusa forms
Larva
Planula
Called com jellies
All marine
Ctenophoran
There are how many species in ctenophoran
Approximately 100
Ctenophorans may be
Spherical elongated or Ovid
Appear to be bioluminescent
Ctenophores
Ctenophoran have
Radial symmetry
How many species does the phylum Cnidaria contain?
About 9,000
Have 8 plates of fused cilia that resemble combs
Ctenophoran
Ctenophoran move by
Beating cilia
Most f the body is jelly-like mesoglea
Ctenophoran
Ctenophoran body and tentacles covered with
Sticky mucus to catch prey
Has numerous tentacles and is bell shaped
Moon jelly
Has 2 tentacles and 8 plates of fused cilia
Comb jelly
Have the same 2 layers of dermal tissue, have mesoglea, have a nervous system and muscle system
Both the moon jelly and comb jelly
What are the 4 classes of phylum Cnidaria?
Hydrozoa
Scyphozoa
Cubozoa
Anthozoa
What type of symmetry is found in cnidarians?
Radial or biradial
What are the two basic body forms or styles of Cnidarians?
Polyps and medusae
What is the coelenteron?
A single opening that serves as both a mouth and anus; extensible tentacles usually encircling the mouth or oral region
What is the polyp form found in Cnidarians body structure?
Tubular body with a mouth at one end surrounded by tentacles
Where are the tentacles located in Cnidarians? (Polyp)
By the mouth
Where is the mouth located in Cnidarians? (Polyp)
The end of the polyp
The medusa body form in Cnidarians body structure
Body parts arranged in fours (tetramerous symmetry)
Where are the tentacles located in the medusa body form of Cnidarians?
Extend from the rim of the umbrella margin
Where is the mouth located medusa form Cnidarians
Usually centered on the concave side (oral surface)
A tiny capsule composed of material similar to chitin which contains a coiled thread
Nematocyst
Cell that secretes and encloses the nematocyst
Cnidocyte
A trigger like structure of the cnidocyte
Cnidocil
The primitive nervous system of Cnidarians
Nerve net
Some Cnidarians contain an extension found in the oral surface that contains the mouth called
Manubrium
What type of skeleton do Cnidarians contain?
Hydrostatic skeleton
A gelatinous or jelly like layer which lies between the epidermis and gastrodermis and adheres to both layers
Mesoglea
How do hydra and sea anemone move about on the sea floor?
Gliding in their basal discs aided by mucus secretions
What two types of digestion occur in Cnidarians?
Extra cellular and intracellular
In sexual reproduction where do most Cnidarians she’s their gametes?
Directly into the water
The embryo characteristically develops into a free swimming planula larva
Planula
Most common type of asexual reproduction in Cnidarians
Budding
How many types of Portuguese man of war are there?
3: dactylozooids, gastro zooids, gonozooids
The true jellyfish “Aurelia” are found in which class?
Scyphozoans
What is the dominant body form of the jellyfish?
Medusae
What is the manubrium on jellyfish
An extension of the mouth (throat like)
Scyphozoans are
Dioecious
