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Marine Science > Marine Plants Test > Flashcards

Marine Plants Test Flashcards

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1
Q

Marine plants that have true stems, roots, and leaves, are classified in this kingdom?

A

Plantae

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2
Q

What is the strand line, and how is it formed?

A
  • composed of seaweed and debris

- washed up on beach by tide

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3
Q

How are marine alga classified?

A

According to the color of pigment in their cells

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4
Q

What are the common names of the three main groups of marine algae?

A

Green algae
Brown algae
Red algae

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5
Q

Marine green algae which lack the typical roots, stems, and leaves of land plants are found in which phylum?

A

Chlorophyta

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6
Q

What’s the difference between vascular and nonvascular plants?

A

Vascular: have water conducting cells
Nonvascular: don’t have water conducting cells

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7
Q

Are marine algae vascular or Nonvascular?

A

Nonvascular

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8
Q

How do marine algae get water into their cells for nourishment, without roots, stems, and leaves?

A

Directly from their surroundings

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9
Q

Brown algae are found in which phylum?

A

Phaeophyta

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10
Q

What are two important things that brown algae provide to marine organisms?

A

Shelter

Nutrients

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11
Q

Largest seaweed in the ocean are

A

Kelp

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12
Q

What is the purpose of the holdfast?

A

Attaches kelp to rock

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the stipe?

A

Connects to the lead blade

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14
Q

What is the purpose of the air bladders?

A

Keep leaf blades floating toward surface to receive maximum sunlight

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15
Q

What is the length of a giant kelp?

A

30 m (100 ft)

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16
Q

How did the Sargasso Sea found in North Atlantic get its name?

A

The alga sargassum grows in such abundance

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17
Q

The blue green bacteria is found in what kingdom and phylum?

A

Kingdom: monera
Phylum: Cyanobacteria

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18
Q

How is the pigment phycoerythrin influential in the naming of the Red Sea?

A

Causes the red color of the Red Sea

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19
Q

Diatoms are found in what kingdom?

A

Protista

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20
Q

What phylum are diatoms found in and what does it mean?

A

Chrysophyta, “golden algae”

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21
Q

What are the cell walls of diatoms called, and what are they made of?

A

Frustules, silica

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22
Q

Simple diffusion allows what two gases to pass in and out of the diatom through tiny pores?

A

Carbon dioxide

Oxygen

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23
Q

What are some uses for diatomaceous earth?

A

Filtering material, purify drinking water

24
Q

What type of organisms can be harmed by algal blooms of diatoms, called a brown tide?

A

Scallops

25
Q

Dinoflagellates are found in what phylum?

A

Pyrophyta

26
Q

What are two of the features found on dinoflagellates which aren’t present on diatoms?

A

2 flagella

Cellulose wall

27
Q

The ability of an organism, like “Noctiluca”, to produce light is called?

A

Bioluminescence

28
Q

Why are salt marshes sometimes called tidal marshes?

A

They occur between low and high tide

29
Q

Where else do salt marshes grow?

A

Estuaries

30
Q

Where are needle rushes found in Florida?

A

Where tides reach higher levels

31
Q

Where is smooth cordgrass found in Florida?

A

Lower areas that are inundated daily

32
Q

What are two reasons that many animals inhabit salt marshes?

A

Protection from predators

Food for young fishes

33
Q

Gulf coast salt marshes occur along shorelines and what other 4 areas?

A
  • mouths of rivers
  • bays
  • bayous
  • sounds
34
Q

The roots of salt marshes allow them to

A

Withstand storm surges

35
Q

Salt marshes act as a

A

Filter

36
Q

Salt marshes trap sediments which

A

Improves water quality

37
Q

What did the ‘Warren B. Henderson Wetlands Act of 1984’ establish regarding dredge and fill activities in Florida?

A

Clear guidelines for defining wetlands under state jurisdiction

38
Q

Macroscopic multicellular marine algae, which doesn’t have true stems, roots, or leaves, are classified in which kingdom?

A

Kingdom Protista

39
Q

Hat might happen to estuarine dependent marine life if the balance of fresh and salt water is not maintained?

A

The marine life may die

40
Q

When fishes and crustaceans migrate offshore to spawn and breed, how are the larvae transported back into the estuary?

A

Tides/currents

41
Q

As rivers and streams drain into estuaries, what do the bring from the uplands?

A

Nutrients

42
Q

List four important plants (microscopic and macroalgae) that contributes to the estuaries?

A

Phytoplankton
Marsh grasses
Mangroves
Sea grasses

43
Q

For estuaries to remain productive fisheries, what must continue to flow into them?

A

Nutrient rich, pollutant free, fresh water

44
Q

What % of Florida’s residents live in coastal areas?

A

78%

45
Q

What human activities involved with coastal development have done the most damage to estuarine habitat components?

A

Dredge and fill operations for waterfront homes and sea wall construction

46
Q

What are three things you can do to protect our estuaries?

A
  • properly dispose of all trash
  • take your car to a pro car wash
  • test soil to determine what nutrients are present before you add more
47
Q

Do red mangroves have prop roots?

A

Yes

48
Q

The depth at which seagrasses are found is limited by what major factor?

A

Water clarity

49
Q

List 4 significant functions of sea grasses

A
  • maintain water clarity
  • stabilize bottom with roots
  • provide shelter for fishes, etc.
  • are foods for many marine animals
50
Q

How many different species of marine sea grasses are found in Florida?

A

52

51
Q

List the common names of the 7 types of seagrasses which inhabit the coastal waters of Florida

A
  • widgeon grass
  • shoal grass
  • turtle grass
  • manatee grass
  • paddle grass
  • star grass
  • johnsons seagrass
52
Q

3 main reasons responsible for the decline in seagrass beds throughout Florida waters?

A
  • dredge and fill activities
  • degraded water quality
  • propeller scarring
53
Q

How are red mangroves identified?

A

By tangled, arching roots called ‘prop roots’

54
Q

How are black mangroves identified?

A

By numerous, finger-like projections, called pneumatophores

55
Q

How are white mangroves identified?

A

Leaves

56
Q

What are the reproductive seedlings of mangroves called?

A

Propagules

57
Q

The button mangrove is related to what thee mangrove species?

A

White mangroves

Marine Science (12 decks)

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