Phylogeny Flashcards
What is taxonomy?
- The classification, identification and naming of organisms
- Produces a hierarchy of groups of organisms
- Aims to show how related organisms are by grouping them according to their morphology
What is the theory of evolution?
All living things are descebded from a common ancestor in the same way that family members are related to eachother through common ancestor
What is phylogeny?
The evolutionary relatedness between and among species or group of species
What is phylogenetic organizing?
Comparing features common to different species, anatomist try to distinguish between homologies and analogies
What are homologies?
similarities inherited from a common ancestor (analysis of genetic differences (DNA))
What are analogies?
Similarities that arise in response to similar habits & living conditions ( comparison of anatomical traits)
Whats an example of homologous organizing?
Bird and bat forelimbs are homologous- they inherit forelimbs from a common ancestor with forelimbs
Whats an example of analogous organization?
Bird and bat wings are analogous- they have seperate evolutionary otigins but are similar because they both experienced natural selection that shaped them to aid in flight
What are cladograms?
- Phylogenic trees which is a diagram showing the evolutionary relationships or common ancestry of groups of species or populations
- They can be oriented vertically, horizontally, or diagonally