Phylogenetics

Question 1

define Phylogenetics

Answer 1

The study of evolutionary relationships

-Phylogeny: Evolutionary history of an organism

Question 2

Define phylogenetic tree

Answer 2

Branching diagram depicting evolutionary relationships among organisms based on genetics

Question 3

How is rRNA used for phylogenetics?

Answer 3

All organisms have ribosomes

• rRNA is essential
• rRNA is usually the same with in an organism

Question 4

what are conserved sequences?

Answer 4

They are segments of DNA that are similar/identical in between organisms

Question 5

How do we use RNA sequence

Answer 5

1. Get organism
2. Extract DNA
3. Use PCR to amplify
4. Use algorithms
   - a set of rules to follow in calculations

Question 6

How are new species formed?

Answer 6

1. Anagenesis: Evolution of an entire population to new species (gradual)
2. Cladogenesis: Splitting of gene pool –> 2+ groups –> rise to at least 1 species

Question 7

define speciation

Answer 7

process by which 1 species –> 2+ species
-explains differences/similarity
Forms conceptual bridge b/w macroevolution and microevolution