Evolution

Question 1

What are some evidence of evolution?

Answer 1

1. Direct observations
2. Fossils
3. Biogeography
4. Homology

Question 2

What are direct observations?

Answer 2

• Observed and measured by scientists
• In a controlled lab setting
• Scale invariant (molecules,organism,ecosystem)
• typically used bacteria

Question 3

What are fossils?

Answer 3

Extremely rare
-organisms have to die in optimal conditions
-yet lots of fossils due to the old age of earth
PROBLEMS: very patchy, very difficult to make generalizations

Question 4

What are homologies?

Answer 4

“Similarity resulting from common ancestory”
-Traits of organisms-evolutionary relationships

either homologous or NOT
-phylogenetic trees

Question 5

Define Evolution:

Answer 5

‘Nested pattern of homologous characteristics

Question 6

what is biogeography?

Answer 6

“Geographic distribution of species”

-Movement of land masses (i.e platetectonics)

Question 7

What are the types of Evolution?

Answer 7

1. convergent evolution

2. divergent evolution

Question 8

What is convergent evolution?

Answer 8

“appearance of similar traits in unrelated organisms
*organisms subjected to the same selection pressures –> evolve similar designs
ANALOGOUS FEATURES

Question 9

What is divergent evolution?

Answer 9

When enough differences b/w groups within a population –> 2 new populations will form
-When 2 groups isolated reproductively or subjected to different selection pressures–> traits diverge
HOMOLOGOUS FEATURES