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Biology > Photosynthesis and cellular respiration > Flashcards

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A typical mesophyll cell has about

A

30-40 chloroplasts

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2
Q

Visible light range

A

380 nm - 750 nm

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3
Q

Colours of chlorophyll a and b under visible light

A

chlorophyll blue green and chlorophyll b olive green

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4
Q

Unique feature of chloroplasts of purple and green sulfur bacteria

A

They have only 1 photosystem related to either PS 2 or PS 1

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5
Q

Examples for caratenoids

A

Carotene and Xanthophyll

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6
Q

Photoprotection

A

Photoprotection is the absorption and the dissipation f excessive light energy by caratenoids.

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7
Q

Light dependent reactions take place in the?

A

Thylakoid membranes

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8
Q

Calvin cycle take place in the?

A

Stroma

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9
Q

What is the primary electron donor of photosynthesis

A

Water

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10
Q

What is the final electron acceptor of photosynthesis

A

NADP+

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11
Q

The presence of light independent reactions was 1st found by?

A

Calvin

Blackmann introduced principle of limiting factors

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12
Q

Most abundant protein on Earth

A

Rubisco

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13
Q

How many times calvin cycle should occur for the net synthesis of 1 glucose molecule

A

6

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14
Q

1st sugar formed in the calvin cycle

A

Glyceraldehyde-3-phophate

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15
Q

For the net synthesis of 1 G3P molecule , Calvin cycle uses how many ATP and NADPH

A

9 ATP
6 NADPH

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16
Q

Chloroplast of mesophyll and bundle sheath cells

A

Chloroplast of mesophyll cells are highly differentiated into grana. Chloroplast bundle sheth cells have less differentiated or no grana is present. PS 2 of bundle sheath cells are depleted in order to lower oxygen production.

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17
Q

Major limiting factor of photosynthesis

A

CO2

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18
Q

3 main steps of cellular respiration

A

Glycolysis
Pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain)

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19
Q

Glycolysis takes place in the?

A

Cytosol

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20
Q

Products of glycolysis

A

2 3-carbon pyruvate molecules
2 ATP
2 NADH

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21
Q

Oxidation of pyruvate takes place in the?

A

Mitichondrial matrix

22
Q

Products of oxidation of pyruvate

A

2 Acetyl Co-enzyme A
2 CO2
2 NADH

23
Q

Citric acid cycle takes place in the?

A

Mitichondrial matrix

24
Q

Products of Citric acid cycle

A

2 ATP
6 NADH
2 FADH2

25
Q

Electron transport chain takes place in the?

A

Inner membrane (cristae) of mitochondria.

26
Q

Final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration

A

Molecular O2

27
Q

Total no. of ATP produced in respiration

A

32 in active cells such as liver and cardiac muscle cells

30 in other cells (2 ATP is used to transport NADH of glycolysis from cytosol to mitochondrial matrix)

28
Q

Final hydrogen acceptor in ethyl alcohol fermentation

A

Acetaldehyde

29
Q

Final hydrogen acceptor in lactic acid fermentation

A

Organic compounds (pyruvate)

30
Q

Respiratory quotient

A

Volume of CO2 evolved/ Volume of O2 consumed

31
Q

Respiratory quotient of carbohydrates

A

1

32
Q

Respiratory quotient of proteins

A

0.8

33
Q

Respiratory quotient fats

A

0.7

34
Q

Representative species- C3 plants

A

Wheat, rice barley

35
Q

Representative species- C4 plants

A

Maize, sugarcane, grasses

36
Q

Temperature optimum for photosynthesis (0C)-C3 plants

A

15-25

37
Q

Temperature optimum for photosynthesis (0C)-C4 plants

A

35

38
Q

Intermediate products of both photosynthesis and cellular respiration

A

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
3-Phosphoglycerate
Phosphoenolpyruvate

39
Q

Another name for the C4 pathway

A

Hatch and Slack pathway

40
Q

What are the elements needed for synthesis of chlorophyll

A

C,H,O,N and Mg are constituent elements

Fe and Zn are also required for synthesis

41
Q

Element present in addition in Co-enzyme A

A

Sulfur

42
Q

What are accessory pigments

A

All photosynthetic pigments except chlorophyll a.

43
Q

Which organisms produce sulfur as byproduct in photosynthesis

A

Green and brown sulfur bacteric

Sulfur granules are present in the chloroplast

44
Q

Decarboxylation occurs (citric acid cycle) when

A

isocitrate is converted to alpha-ketoglutarate and when alpha-ketogulterate is converted to succinyl CoA.

45
Q

ATP (citric acid cycle) is produced when

A

Succinyl CoA is converted to succinate.

46
Q

NAD is reduced when

A

isocitrate is converted to alpha-ketoglutarate, alpha-ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and when malate is converted to oxoloacetate.

47
Q

H2O is used when

A

cis-aconitate is converted to isocitrate and when fumarate is converted to fumarase.

48
Q

H2O is released when

A

citrate converts to cis-aconitate.

49
Q

FAD is reduced when

A

succinate is converted to fumarate.

50
Q

Another name for glycolysis

A

Link reactions

51
Q

Function of 2 ATP which is used to initiate glycolysis

A

Is used to phosphorylate glucose into fructose phosphate and fructose bisphosphate which makes it easier to react.

Fructose bisphosphate will split into 2 molecules of trios phosphates.

Biology (21 decks)

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