Photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Question 1

A typical mesophyll cell has about

Answer 1

30-40 chloroplasts

Question 2

Visible light range

Answer 2

380 nm - 750 nm

Question 3

Colours of chlorophyll a and b under visible light

Answer 3

chlorophyll blue green and chlorophyll b olive green

Question 4

Unique feature of chloroplasts of purple and green sulfur bacteria

Answer 4

They have only 1 photosystem related to either PS 2 or PS 1

Question 5

Examples for caratenoids

Answer 5

Carotene and Xanthophyll

Question 6

Photoprotection

Answer 6

Photoprotection is the absorption and the dissipation f excessive light energy by caratenoids.

Question 7

Light dependent reactions take place in the?

Answer 7

Thylakoid membranes

Question 8

Calvin cycle take place in the?

Answer 8

Stroma

Question 9

What is the primary electron donor of photosynthesis

Answer 9

Water

Question 10

What is the final electron acceptor of photosynthesis

Answer 10

NADP+

Question 11

The presence of light independent reactions was 1st found by?

Answer 11

Calvin

Blackmann introduced principle of limiting factors

Question 12

Most abundant protein on Earth

Answer 12

Rubisco

Question 13

How many times calvin cycle should occur for the net synthesis of 1 glucose molecule

Answer 13

6

Question 14

1st sugar formed in the calvin cycle

Answer 14

Glyceraldehyde-3-phophate

Question 15

For the net synthesis of 1 G3P molecule , Calvin cycle uses how many ATP and NADPH

Answer 15

9 ATP
6 NADPH

Question 16

Chloroplast of mesophyll and bundle sheath cells

Answer 16

Chloroplast of mesophyll cells are highly differentiated into grana. Chloroplast bundle sheth cells have less differentiated or no grana is present. PS 2 of bundle sheath cells are depleted in order to lower oxygen production.

Question 17

Major limiting factor of photosynthesis

Answer 17

CO2

Question 18

3 main steps of cellular respiration

Answer 18

Glycolysis
Pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain)

Question 19

Glycolysis takes place in the?

Answer 19

Cytosol

Question 20

Products of glycolysis

Answer 20

2 3-carbon pyruvate molecules
2 ATP
2 NADH

Question 21

Oxidation of pyruvate takes place in the?

Answer 21

Mitichondrial matrix

Question 22

Products of oxidation of pyruvate

Answer 22

2 Acetyl Co-enzyme A
2 CO2
2 NADH

Question 23

Citric acid cycle takes place in the?

Answer 23

Mitichondrial matrix

Question 24

Products of Citric acid cycle

Answer 24

2 ATP
6 NADH
2 FADH2

Question 25

Electron transport chain takes place in the?

Answer 25

Inner membrane (cristae) of mitochondria.

Question 26

Final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration

Answer 26

Molecular O2

Question 27

Total no. of ATP produced in respiration

Answer 27

32 in active cells such as liver and cardiac muscle cells | 30 in other cells (2 ATP is used to transport NADH of glycolysis from cytosol to mitochondrial matrix)

Question 28

Final hydrogen acceptor in ethyl alcohol fermentation

Answer 28

Acetaldehyde

Question 29

Final hydrogen acceptor in lactic acid fermentation

Answer 29

Organic compounds (pyruvate)

Question 30

Respiratory quotient

Answer 30

Volume of CO2 evolved/ Volume of O2 consumed

Question 31

Respiratory quotient of carbohydrates

Answer 31

1

Question 32

Respiratory quotient of proteins

Answer 32

0.8

Question 33

Respiratory quotient fats

Answer 33

0.7

Question 34

Representative species- C3 plants

Answer 34

Wheat, rice barley

Question 35

Representative species- C4 plants

Answer 35

Maize, sugarcane, grasses

Question 36

Temperature optimum for photosynthesis (0C)-C3 plants

Answer 36

15-25

Question 37

Temperature optimum for photosynthesis (0C)-C4 plants

Answer 37

35

Question 38

Intermediate products of both photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Answer 38

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate 3-Phosphoglycerate Phosphoenolpyruvate

Question 39

Another name for the C4 pathway

Answer 39

Hatch and Slack pathway

Question 40

What are the elements needed for synthesis of chlorophyll

Answer 40

C,H,O,N and Mg are constituent elements | Fe and Zn are also required for synthesis

Question 41

Element present in addition in Co-enzyme A

Answer 41

Sulfur

Question 42

What are accessory pigments

Answer 42

All photosynthetic pigments except chlorophyll a.

Question 43

Which organisms produce sulfur as byproduct in photosynthesis

Answer 43

Green and brown sulfur bacteric | Sulfur granules are present in the chloroplast

Question 44

Decarboxylation occurs (citric acid cycle) when

Answer 44

isocitrate is converted to alpha-ketoglutarate and when alpha-ketogulterate is converted to succinyl CoA.

Question 45

ATP (citric acid cycle) is produced when

Answer 45

Succinyl CoA is converted to succinate.

Question 46

NAD is reduced when

Answer 46

isocitrate is converted to alpha-ketoglutarate, alpha-ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and when malate is converted to oxoloacetate.

Question 47

H2O is used when

Answer 47

cis-aconitate is converted to isocitrate and when fumarate is converted to fumarase.

Question 48

H2O is released when

Answer 48

citrate converts to cis-aconitate.

Question 49

FAD is reduced when

Answer 49

succinate is converted to fumarate.

Question 50

Another name for glycolysis

Answer 50

Link reactions

Question 51

Function of 2 ATP which is used to initiate glycolysis

Answer 51

Is used to phosphorylate glucose into fructose phosphate and fructose bisphosphate which makes it easier to react. Fructose bisphosphate will split into 2 molecules of trios phosphates.