Photosynthesis and cellular respiration Flashcards
A typical mesophyll cell has about
30-40 chloroplasts
Visible light range
380 nm - 750 nm
Colours of chlorophyll a and b under visible light
chlorophyll blue green and chlorophyll b olive green
Unique feature of chloroplasts of purple and green sulfur bacteria
They have only 1 photosystem related to either PS 2 or PS 1
Examples for caratenoids
Carotene and Xanthophyll
Photoprotection
Photoprotection is the absorption and the dissipation f excessive light energy by caratenoids.
Light dependent reactions take place in the?
Thylakoid membranes
Calvin cycle take place in the?
Stroma
What is the primary electron donor of photosynthesis
Water
What is the final electron acceptor of photosynthesis
NADP+
The presence of light independent reactions was 1st found by?
Calvin
Blackmann introduced principle of limiting factors
Most abundant protein on Earth
Rubisco
How many times calvin cycle should occur for the net synthesis of 1 glucose molecule
6
1st sugar formed in the calvin cycle
Glyceraldehyde-3-phophate
For the net synthesis of 1 G3P molecule , Calvin cycle uses how many ATP and NADPH
9 ATP
6 NADPH
Chloroplast of mesophyll and bundle sheath cells
Chloroplast of mesophyll cells are highly differentiated into grana. Chloroplast bundle sheth cells have less differentiated or no grana is present. PS 2 of bundle sheath cells are depleted in order to lower oxygen production.
Major limiting factor of photosynthesis
CO2
3 main steps of cellular respiration
Glycolysis
Pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain)
Glycolysis takes place in the?
Cytosol
Products of glycolysis
2 3-carbon pyruvate molecules
2 ATP
2 NADH
Oxidation of pyruvate takes place in the?
Mitichondrial matrix
Products of oxidation of pyruvate
2 Acetyl Co-enzyme A
2 CO2
2 NADH
Citric acid cycle takes place in the?
Mitichondrial matrix
Products of Citric acid cycle
2 ATP
6 NADH
2 FADH2
Electron transport chain takes place in the?
Inner membrane (cristae) of mitochondria.
Final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration
Molecular O2
Total no. of ATP produced in respiration
32 in active cells such as liver and cardiac muscle cells
30 in other cells (2 ATP is used to transport NADH of glycolysis from cytosol to mitochondrial matrix)
Final hydrogen acceptor in ethyl alcohol fermentation
Acetaldehyde
Final hydrogen acceptor in lactic acid fermentation
Organic compounds (pyruvate)
Respiratory quotient
Volume of CO2 evolved/ Volume of O2 consumed
Respiratory quotient of carbohydrates
1
Respiratory quotient of proteins
0.8
Respiratory quotient fats
0.7
Representative species- C3 plants
Wheat, rice barley
Representative species- C4 plants
Maize, sugarcane, grasses
Temperature optimum for photosynthesis (0C)-C3 plants
15-25
Temperature optimum for photosynthesis (0C)-C4 plants
35
Intermediate products of both photosynthesis and cellular respiration
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
3-Phosphoglycerate
Phosphoenolpyruvate
Another name for the C4 pathway
Hatch and Slack pathway
What are the elements needed for synthesis of chlorophyll
C,H,O,N and Mg are constituent elements
Fe and Zn are also required for synthesis
Element present in addition in Co-enzyme A
Sulfur
What are accessory pigments
All photosynthetic pigments except chlorophyll a.
Which organisms produce sulfur as byproduct in photosynthesis
Green and brown sulfur bacteric
Sulfur granules are present in the chloroplast
Decarboxylation occurs (citric acid cycle) when
isocitrate is converted to alpha-ketoglutarate and when alpha-ketogulterate is converted to succinyl CoA.
ATP (citric acid cycle) is produced when
Succinyl CoA is converted to succinate.
NAD is reduced when
isocitrate is converted to alpha-ketoglutarate, alpha-ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and when malate is converted to oxoloacetate.
H2O is used when
cis-aconitate is converted to isocitrate and when fumarate is converted to fumarase.
H2O is released when
citrate converts to cis-aconitate.
FAD is reduced when
succinate is converted to fumarate.
Another name for glycolysis
Link reactions
Function of 2 ATP which is used to initiate glycolysis
Is used to phosphorylate glucose into fructose phosphate and fructose bisphosphate which makes it easier to react.
Fructose bisphosphate will split into 2 molecules of trios phosphates.
