Muscle, connective and nervous tissue

Question 1

Most abundant tissue type in the human body?

Answer 1

Connective tissue

Question 2

Basic structure of a connective tissue

Answer 2

It contains different types of cells scattered in the large space of extra-cellular matrix which contains fibers.
Extracellular matrix can be solid, liquid or semi-solid.

Question 3

Type of cells found in the matrix

Answer 3

Fibroblasts (secrete fiber protein)
Macrophages (engulf foreign particles or any debris by phagocytosis)
Mast cells (secrete histamine and heparin)
Fat cells (storage and insulation)
leukocytes (protection)

Question 4

Different types of fibers found in the matrix

Answer 4

Collagen (provides strength and support)
Reticular fibers (connects connective tissues with other tissues)
elastic fibers (provides elasticity)

Question 5

Functions of connective tissues

Answer 5

Binding and structural support
Protection
Transport of materials
Insulation

Question 6

Main types of connective tissues and their examples

Answer 6

Loose connective tissue (areolar and adipose)
Dense connective tissue (fibrous connective tissue)
Skeletal connective tissue (bone and cartilage)
Fluid connective tissue (blood and lymph)

Question 7

Most abundant form of connective tissue

Answer 7

Areolar tissue

Question 8

Loose connective tissue (Areolar Tissue)

Answer 8

Most widely distributed connective tissue type in the vertebrate body.
Can be considered as the generalized type of connective tissue.
Types of cells in this tissue are fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, leukocytes and fat cells.
All three types of fibres are found in this tissue.
Fibers are loosely arranged and wavy in nature. This tissue binds epithelia and the underlying tissue. Therefore this holds organs in place. This tissue is found under the skin and throughout the body

Question 9

Fibrous connective tissue( Dense connective tissue)

Answer 9

Contains densly packed fibers and few cells (fibrocytes)
Found in palces where tensile strength is required.
e.g: tendon(connects muscle to bone), ligaments (connects bones at joints) and in the sclera (outer layer of the eye ball) of eye.

Question 10

Adipose tissue

Answer 10

Specialized cell of loose connective tissue. Each cell contains a large fat droplet. Found underneath the skin and involoves in insulation and stores fuel as fat molecules.

Question 11

Blood tissue

Answer 11

Blood tissue is a special type of connective tissue where the matrix is not secreted by cells and fibres are only formes during blood clotting process.
Matrix is a fluid known as plasma which contains water, salt and dissolved proteins.
Red blood cells(transports respiratory gases), white blood cells(protection), platelets(blood clotting) are suspended within the matrix.

Question 12

Largest cel type in blood

Answer 12

Monocytes

Question 13

Main functions of blood tissue

Answer 13

Transport of materials, protection and osmoregulation.

Question 14

Cartilage

Answer 14

Matrix is composed of chondroitin sulfate which is a rubbery protein-carbohydrate complex. Chondrocytes and collagen fibers are suspended within the matrix. Chondrocytes secrete chondroitin sulfate and collagen.
Found in places where strength and flexibility is needed such as in trachea and intervertebral discs.

Question 15

Bone

Answer 15

It is a mineralized connective tissue made up of collagen fibers and inorganic salts such as magnesium, calcium and phosphate. Cells are osteocytes and osteoblasts. osteoblasts are bone forming cells while osteocytes are mature cells. Has repeating units called osteons. At the centre of the osteon contains a canal of blood vessels and nerves.

Question 16

2 types of bone tissues

Answer 16

Hard bone (has repeating units known as osteons)
Spongy bone ( contains lot of spaces filled with red bone marrow)

Question 17

3 types of cells in bones

Answer 17

Osteocytes (mature cells maintaining bone tissue)
Osteoblasts (bone forming cells)
Osteoclasts (digestion of old bone tissue)

Question 18

3 types of muscle tissue

Answer 18

Smooth muscles
Skeletal muscles
Cardiac muscles

Question 19

Smooth muscle tissue

Answer 19

cells are spindle shaped, uni-nucleated and lacks striations.
This tissue is responsible for involuntary movements such as churning of stomach and constrictions in alveoli.
Found in digestive tract, urinary bladder and arteries.

Question 20

Skeletal muscle tissue

Answer 20

Contains bundles of long cells with multi-nuclei.
Striations are present with contractile units known as sarcomeres. Undergoes voluntary movements and are connected to the skeletal system.

Question 21

Contractile units of skeletal muscle tissue

Answer 21

Sarcomeres

Question 22

Cardiac muscle tissue

Answer 22

Composed of uninucleated cells which are interconnected via intercalated discs. Cells are striated with sarcomeres. Performs involuntary contractions and is only found in the wall of the heart.

Question 23

Nervous tissue is composed of?

Answer 23

Composed of neurones and neuroglia.
Neurones receive, process and transmits nerve impulses. Glial cells support neurones.

Question 24

3 types of neurons according to structure

Answer 24

Pseudo-unipolar
Bipolar
Multipolar

Question 25

What are structural and functional units of the nervous system

Answer 25

Neuron is the structural unit while the functional unit is the reflex arc.

Question 26

Neuron

Answer 26

Basic structure of the neuron contains cell body, dendrites and axon. Dendrites and cell body receive nerve impulses while axon transmits it.

Question 27

3 types of neurones

Answer 27

motor
sensory
inter

Question 28

Types of nerves based on the origin

Answer 28

Cranial nerves (12 pairs originated from the brain)
Spinal nerves (31 pairs originated from the spinal cord)

Question 29

Glial cells

Answer 29

supportive cells
functions include providing nourishment to neurones and sometime undergoing neuron functions.

Question 30

Most abundant type of nerve cell?

Answer 30

Neuroglia

Question 31

Main structural components of connective tissues

Answer 31

Matrix, cells and fibres

Question 32

Tendons and ligaments

Answer 32

Ligaments attach one bone to another. Tendons attach a muscle to a bone

Question 33

Largest cell type in blood

Answer 33

Monocytes

Question 34

Function of intercalated discs

Answer 34

Relays signals from cell to cell and synchronize heart contractions