Applied Biology

Question 1

Nursey

Answer 1

Is a specialized place for young plant and seedlings to be produced for transplanting in another place.

Question 2

Protected cultivation

Answer 2

Is growing crops under controlled environmental conditions

Question 3

Tissue culture

Answer 3

Culture of free living cells or group of similar cells
Is the ability to establish plant tissues and plant organs in aseptic(sterile) in-vitro cultivation

Question 4

Most common benefit of tissue culture

Answer 4

Cloning or mass production of genetically identical organisms

Question 5

Totipotent

Answer 5

A single cell has the genetic programme to grow into an entire new plant
Introduced by Schleiden and Shwann

Question 6

Explant

Answer 6

Is the short plant part which may be root tip or shoot tip having growing points used for tissue culture technique

Question 7

callus

Answer 7

is an unorganized and undifferentiated mass of cells formed from explant when kept in nutrient medium

Question 8

Causative agent in Dengue

Answer 8

Arbo RNA virus

Question 9

Vectors of dengue

Answer 9

Aedes aegypti
Aedes albopictus

Question 10

Symptoms of dengue

Answer 10

Severe headache, pain behind the eyes, muscle and joint pains, nausea, vomiting or skin rash.

Question 11

Severe dengue

Answer 11

Dengue haemorrhagic fever is a potentially deadly complication due to blood plasma leaking, fluid accumulation, respiratory distress, severe bleeding or organ impairment.

Symptoms may progress to massive bleeding, very low blood pressure, shock and death.

Question 12

Causative agent in Filaria

Answer 12

Nematode called Wucheraria bancrofti

Adults worms live in the lymphatic system for 5-6 years and microfilaria can live for 1 year

Due the blockage of the lymphatic system by adult worms lymph tends to accumulate in dependent parts of the body. E.g: hands, legs, penis, scrotum and breasts

Question 13

Vectors of filaria (lays eggs on)

Answer 13

Culex quinquefasciatus

Unlike Aedes mosquitoes they lay eggs in polluted water

Question 14

Who introduced nanotechnology

Answer 14

Richard Feynman

Question 15

Stem cells

Answer 15

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells which can give rise to new cells of the same type.

Question 16

2 types of stem cells

Answer 16

Embryonic stem cells
Adult stem cells

Question 17

Source of embryonic stem cells

Answer 17

Embryo consist of a small hollow cluster of about 100 cells known as the blastocyst. Inside the blastocyst contains a small cluster of about 30 cells known as the inner cell mass
Inner cell mass is the source of embryonic stem cells.

Question 18

Speciality of ES cells

Answer 18

They are pluripotent (have the potential to develop into a variety of different cell types)

Question 19

Sources of adult stem cells

Answer 19

Hemopoietic stem cells for blood
Neural stem cells for central nervous system
Epidermal cells, intestinal cells

Question 20

iPSCs

Answer 20

Induced pluripotent stem cells
Derivation of pluripotent stem cells from adult stem cells by reprogramming them.

Question 21

Applications of stem cells

Answer 21

Hemopoietic stem cells taken from the bone marrow of a healthy immunologically compatible donor can be used to replenish bone marrow of patients with leukemia
(Caused due to the production of abnormal white blood cells)

Question 22

2 major properties of human ES cells

Answer 22

Can self-renew indefinitely to produce more stem cells
Under proper growth conditions can differentiate into a variety of mature cells with specialized functions

Question 23

Advantages of using iPSCs over ESC

Answer 23

Avoids ethical concerns of obtaining hESCs
Can be produced in a patient matched manner

Question 24

Uses of tissue culture

Answer 24

growing healthy tissues in culture media under in-vitro conditions
Studying birth defects

Many believe that in the future tissue culture can be used to treat Alzheimers, Parkinson’s, heart attacks, strokes and diabetes