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Bio 547 Fall > photosynthesis > Flashcards

photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

granum

A

stacks of thylakoid disks

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2
Q

what connects the granum?

A

Granum are connected by lamellae

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3
Q

why do plants appear green?

A

In green range of light they absorb very poorly, so they reflect it, which is why plants look green

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4
Q

where are thylakoid disks found?

A

Found in the middle space of chloroplast called the stroma

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5
Q

Plants absorb visible light via ____

A

chlorophyll

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6
Q

structure of chlorophyll and functions?

A
  1. Long hydrophobic tail (anchors in membrane of thylakoid discs) & porphyrin ring (which absorbs light)
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7
Q

difference between chlorophyll a, b?

A

absorb different spectrums of light

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8
Q

what are the light reactions and their purpose?

A

Light energy is converted to chemical energy during the first stage of photosynthesis, which involves a series of chemical reactions known as the light-dependent reactions.

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9
Q

where do the light reactions take place?

A

in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts

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10
Q

what do the light reactions produce?

A

the energy storage molecule ATP and the reduced electron carrier NADPH

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11
Q

photosystem

A

large complexes of proteins and pigments (light-absorbing molecules) that are optimized to harvest light. two types of photosystems: photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII).

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12
Q

what do photosystems do when light hits?

A

Photons come in and get passed around to the reaction center chlorophyll and gets shared among all pigments- Also called antenna complex

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13
Q

energetically, how does photosystem 1 work?

A
  1. photosystem 1 absorbs light (max 700 wavelength—less energy), electron gets energy and passed on to another acceptor. Then gets placed onto acceptor, NADP+ (same molecule as NAD+ but with a phosphate)
  2. NADP+ becomes NADPH (stored reducing power)
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14
Q

non-cyclic photophosphorylation

A

electrons are removed from water and passed through PSII and PSI before ending up in NADPH. This process requires light to be absorbed twice, once in each photosystem, and it makes ATP . In fact, it’s called photophosphorylation because it involves using light energy (photo) to make ATP from ADP (phosphorylation)

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15
Q

cyclic photophosphorylation

A

in cyclic photophosphorylation, (the non standard form of light reactions ) electrons follow a different, circular path and only ATP (no NADPH) is produced.

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16
Q

If a typical plant cell finds itself in need of some additional ATP, over and above that produced by the standard dual photosystem photosynthesis process, what options are available to make more ATP?

A

cyclic photophosphorylation (Electron can be passed in the opposite direction back towards photosystem 2 to make extra ATP)

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17
Q

yield from photosystems absorbing light in non-cyclic phosphorylation?

A

NADPH & ATP & O2 gas as a waste product

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18
Q

does non cyclic phosphorylation utilize oxygen?

A

no

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19
Q

in which photosystem is O2 released?

A

PSII

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20
Q

describe light absorption in PSI.

A

The electron arrives at photosystem I and joins the P700 special pair of chlorophylls in the reaction center. When light energy is absorbed by pigments and passed inward to the reaction center, the electron in P700 is boosted to a very high energy level and transferred to an acceptor molecule. The special pair’s missing electron is replaced by a new electron from PSII (arriving via the electron transport chain).

21
Q

describe light absorption in PSII

A

When light is absorbed by one of the many pigments in photosystem II, energy is passed inward from pigment to pigment until it reaches the reaction center. There, energy is transferred to P680, boosting an electron to a high energy level. The high-energy electron is passed to an acceptor molecule and replaced with an electron from water. This splitting of water releases the \text O_2O​2​​O, start subscript, 2, end subscript we breathe

22
Q

Metabolism

A

sum total of all biochemical reactions in an organism

23
Q

Anabolism

A

the buildup of organic molecules (sugars, proteins, etc)

24
Q

catabolism

A

breakdown of organic molecules

25
Q

Ins and outs of light reaction

A

In: NAD+, ADP, LIGHT, H2O

Out: O2, NADPH, ATP

26
Q
A
27
Q

advantage of dual photosystem?

A
  1. For dual photosystem we have advantage of making both reducing power (NADPH) and ATP
28
Q

Specifically, where in the chloroplast is ATP

made during the light reactions?

A

stroma.

H+ accumulates in the thylakoid space and then flows through the ATP synthase into the stroma

29
Q

is calvin cycle anabolic or catabolic?

A

anabolic—builds up macromolecules

30
Q

After it is made, what is the fate of the ATP made in chloroplasts by the light reactions?

A

The ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions are used to make sugars in the next stage of photosynthesis, the Calvin cycle.

31
Q

Name the 3 phospholipid membranes found in Chloroplasts

A

thylakoid

inner membrane and the outer membrane

32
Q

inputs/outputs calvin cycle

A

ins: CO2, NADPH, ATP
outs: NADP+, ADP, Sugar

33
Q

location calvin cycle

A

stroma thylakoid space

34
Q

ins and outs chemiosmosis

A

ins: H+, ADP, FADH2, NADH, O2
outs: ATP, H2O, NAD+, FAD+

35
Q

evidence of bacterial ancestry in cells?

A
  1. have inner/outer membranes
  2. circular DNA
  3. mitchondria
36
Q

what do mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common

A

tiny ribosomes

37
Q

what’s the ‘reducing agent’ in photosynthesis?

A

NADPH

38
Q

site of ATP being created in light rxns?

A

though the lollipop synthase spans the thylakoid membrane, the ATP is actually synthesized in the stroma

39
Q

site of electron transport ?

A

thylakoid membrane

40
Q

site of protein synthesis

A

stroma

41
Q

site of hydrolysis in light reactions

A

thylakoid space

42
Q

location of high [H+] in light rxns?

A

thylakoid space

43
Q

give an example of a CAM plant

A

pineapple

44
Q

give an example of a C4 plant

A

sugarcane

45
Q

what would happen if you inhibit the electron transport chain

A

cannot produce NADPH, ATP.

46
Q

what does rubisco do?

A

combines CO2 with 5-C molecule to make a 6-C molecule that ultimately falls apart

47
Q

most abundant enzyme on planet?

A

rubisco

48
Q
  1. Plants use _ , ___ and ___ to make oxygen and sugars
  2. Humans use ___ and __ to make _____ ___ and ___
A

plants use energy, carbon dioxide and water

humans use sugars and oxygens to make energy and carbon dioxide

49
Q
A

Bio 547 Fall (27 decks)

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