evolution

Question 1

phylogeny

Answer 1

more similar looking organisms branched off from the family tree more recently- aka more closely related

Question 2

Evolution: the change in genetically determined properties of populations of organisms over time (descent with ____.) gradual changes from an acestral form to more modern form. Driven by ____and accounts for ____

Answer 2

modification

natural selection

biodiversity

Question 3

importance of darwin’s finches

Answer 3

different beaks show adaptive radiation- adapt different beaks based on needed function.

also, all derive from common ecuadorian ancestor

Question 4

strata

Answer 4

layers of rock. oldest layers on bottom

Question 5

Carbon 14 dating

Answer 5

measure amount of c14 of bones inside rock strata- good up to 50,000 years. really only good for recent finds.

Question 6

when did eukaryotes evolve

Answer 6

1.5 billion years

Question 7

when did complex living organisms arise

Answer 7

500 million years

Question 8

rise of reptiles, amphibians?

Answer 8

300 million years ago

Question 9

extinction of dinos

Answer 9

~100 million years ago

Question 10

why is fossilization rare?

Answer 10

usually, bones disintegrate. you need like a landslide or mudflow to create preserved remains

Question 11

what did whales evolve from

Answer 11

land animal that had a whale-like skull. then evolved into a reptiliant, sea-lion like thing, and eventually a whale like organism. front limbs were for paddling

Question 12

homology

Answer 12

homologous bones developed from a common ancestor - repurposed in different animals

Question 13

vestigial structures

Answer 13

ex: vestigial pelvis in a whale from when it used to walk on land. or in humans, appendix, tail bone. these structures have no purpose and are just remnants from our ancestors.

Question 14

atavistic features example

Answer 14

hypertrichosis- excessive hair on face- some ancestors of some hominids were extremely hairy and the genes persisted (normally off) but with mutation, turn on

Question 15

molecular evidence for evolution using amino acids

Answer 15

number of amino acid differences between hemoglobin of vertebrate species and that of humans- we can see there are only 8 AA’s diff betwen us and monkeys, vs 125 b/n us and lampreys

Question 16

hox genes- what are they and what do they support

Answer 16

establish segment identity and control body plan for an animal. basically, gene controls that fly will have 3 thoraxes, 4 abdominal segments, etc. human hox gene is so similar to fly hox gene that you can put it in a fly and still get a normal fly

• >aka, same master gene many variations of phenotypes
  conclusion: all animals evolved from a common ancestor

Question 17

examples of molecular evidence for evolution

Answer 17

• Universal genetic code
• Hox genes
• all living things do glycolysis
• Transcription/translation occur in all

Question 18

medical evidence for evolution

Answer 18

sickle cell anemia - developed in places where Malaria incidence was high

Question 19

7 pieces of evidence for evolution

Answer 19

INSERT LAST 4

homology

vestigial structures

molecular

medical