bacteria kingdom Flashcards
T/F: archaea have introns
true! shows us how eukaryotes evolved from them
do archae have peptidoglycan in cell walls?
no
extremophiles are what type of kingdom
archaea
prokaryotes vs eukaryotes: internal compartmentalization
bacterial cells contain no internal compartments
prokaryotes vs eukaryotes: flagella
rotary motor vs 9+2 flagella w/ microtubules
metabolic diveristy prokarytoes
prokaryotes have more than us. can perform multiple different kinds of aerobic/anaerobic photosynthesis or fix atmospheric nitrogen
what is prokarytoic flagellum made of and what motion does it make
made of ‘flagellin.’ moves in a crank motion
how does the motor of bacterial flagellum work
Rotates in membrane and cell wall. Has a flow of protons coming from a proton gradient. Uses up ATP’s. pretty similar to ATP synthase.
if you wanted to break down bacteria cell to expose its dna, what would you treat it with?
Bacterial cell treated with lysosyme and detergent (breaks down outer membrane) DNA spills out of it all over the place
sizes bacteria and viruses relative to eukaryotic cells
bacteria are 100 micrometers. 10-100x smaller than eukaryotic cells. Viruses are another 10-100 x smaller than bacteria!!
virus: 1 micrometer
bacteriia: 100micrometer
eukaryote: 5,000 micrometers
3 shapes bacteria
Bacteria shapes:
- Rod
- Spiral
- sphere
gram stain bacteria- what does it do
differentiate between two main types of cell wall. Antibiotics interfere with cell walls of bacteria. Have to determine the type of cell wall so you can choose the correct antibiotic to kill off that bacteria.
gram +=purple, gram - = pink
endospores
bacteria can form endospores when subjected to harsh conditions (freeze, heat, dry out etc) . Take genetic material and ribosomes and pack themselves a little wall- becomes a resistant form of the organism
Shut their metabolism down, totally dormat, sit and wait for conditions to improve
nitrogran fixation
take nitrogren out of air and bring it into living things) very few kinds of organisms can do this!!!
Soil bacteria do this. Root nodules of legume type plants.
what causes STD’s: bacteria or viruses?
bacteria
