Photosynthesis Flashcards
What are two adaptations for obtaining glucose?
Autotrophic nutrition(photosynthesis) & heterotrophic nutrition (ingestion , digestion)
Nutrition
Obtaining and processing of food molecules. All living things obtain and process food molecules but the way they do it is different
Autotroph
They are producers and can make their own food and change inorganic raw materials into organic products. Examples are plants and algae
Heterotroph
Cannot make their own food, examples are animals
Autotrophic nutrition
☀️. (Light energy ) —-> glucose. (chemical bond energy)
Respiration
The release of energy from chemical bonds of glucose, energy is transferred to the chemical bonds of atp. Respiration is a life process but photosynthesis is not , it’s a type of nutrition Chemical energy(glucose) to chemical energy ATP
Photosynthesis
Light energy to chemical energy
How are the energy generating chemical reactions photosynthesis and respiration related?
Products made from photosynthesis are used as reactants in respiration and vice versa,…..their opposite
Cuticle
Waxy covering of leaf for protection and prevents excess water loss
Stomates(stoma ,stomata)
Open and close to allow for movement for water vapor and gas (CO2 and O2)
Guard cells
Kidney shaped cells around stomates and regulate opening and closing by swelling with water when needed
Palisade mesophyll
Where photosynthesis occurs and one or two cells thick. Lots of chloroplast
Spongy mesophyll
Lots of air space to allow for gas exchange
Plant transport
Veins”vascular bundle”, xylem,phloem
Veins
Contains vascular tissue
Xylem
Water and materials UP ONLY
Phloem
“Ph”food. Nutrients ALL DIRECTIONS
Path of water takes up through a plant
Into roots-through xylem-to leaves-out through stomates when guard cells are opened
Root hairs
Increase surface area for greater absorption
Root pressure
Osmotic pressure in xylem of a root
Capillary action
Tendency of liquid to rise inside narrow tubes
Transpirtation
Evaporation of water off leaves
Transpiration pull
Chief process that moves water through xylem
Pigments
Substances that absorb certain wavelengths of light energy and reflect others example is chlorophyll it absorbs red orange blues and violets but reflects green and yellow
Pigments founded in plants
Carotenes-orange Xanthophyll -yellow
Chromatography
Used to separate pigments by separating the mixture by solubility or ability to dissolve. The more sociable the better to dissolve and it will move farther up the paper, less solvable materials will adhere better
Light
Travels in waves(photons,white light)
Photons
Packages of light energy
White light
Made of a spectrum of colors
What is the photosynthesis formula ?
CO2+H2O+Sunlight –> O2+H2O+C6H12O6 (organic raw materials). (Organic c+h). Reactants Product
Photosynthesis summary
Energy= sunlight –> chemical bonds in glucose. Materials used(reactants)= carbon dioxide and water and sunlight. Materials produced(product)= glucose(organic) and water/oxygen(waste product) Time frame= daylight hours Location(organelle)= chloroplast Importance= stores energy from sun and made atp available to other organisms
Oxidation
Any chemical change in which an atom or molecule loses an electron and hydrogen and phosphate Leo
Reduction
Any chemical change in which and atom or a molecule gains an electron and hydrogen and phosphate Ger
Redox
Oxidation and reduction occurring at the same time
Biochemical pathway
Sequence of chemical reactions that leads to a particular results. Reactions require enzymes and enzymes require coenzymes
Coenzymes act as hydrogen acceptors
Can accept H+ NADP + H –> NAPPH. Gain H….GER…reduced
Light dependent reaction
Location- grana. Water is split(photolysis) and oxygen is released into the atmosphere. NADPH and ATP are made to be used in light independent reaction
Light independent reaction or Calvin cycle or carbon fixation
Location - stroma. Enzyme Rubisco converts inorganic CO2 into organic glucose by combining two PGAL molecules (a 3 C molecule)
