Immune System Flashcards
Inheritances
•Genetics-passed down by parents •sickle cell anemia •hemophilia
Disease
Disruption in the maintenance of homeostasis
Pathogens
•bacteria: bronchitis •protist: malaria •fungi: athletes foot
Biological Pollutants
Molds, mildew, animal danger, mites(can cause asthma)
Chemical Pollutants
Lead(can cause learning disabilities, behavioral problems, seizures, coma, and even death)
Organ malfunction
Heart attack and kidney failure
Lifestyle choices
Hiv/aids, stds, lung or skin cancer
First Line defenses: physical and chemical barriers
Skin and membranes, sweat tears and saliva, mucus, and stomach aid
Skin and membranes
Block most pathogens (disease causing organisms) from entering the body
Sweat, tears , and saliva
Contains chemicals that kill or inhibit some bacteria
Mucus
Entraps pathogens
Stomach acid
Destroys many pathogens in food
Second line defenses
Inflammatory response and macrophages
Inflammatory response
Damaged cells send out chemicals called histamines ….cause swelling redness warmth and pain(allergy!)
Macrophages(big eaters)
Giant white blood cells that ingest pathogen ,they are aka phagocytes
Third line defenses: the immune system
Recognize , attack, destroys, and “remembers” pathogens …..antigens,lymphocytes , and b and T cells
Antigens
Any substance that cause and immune response, for ex. Viruses and microorganism
Lymphocyte
White blood cells that recognize specific antigens and are produces in the bone marrow , thymus,lymph, and spleen. They are also T and B cells
B cells
Plasma cells- make antibodies. Memory B cells : stay in body to recognize the same antigens and prevent further infections
T cells
Helper T cells : recognize antigens Killer T cells : bind to infected cells and destroy them
Active immunity
Get disease or vaccination
Vaccination
Dead or weakened form of the disease organism or its products
What does your body produce to attack ?
Your body makes its own antibodies (killer T cells ) to attack a particular antigen(generates an immune response )
Inborn immunity
Form of active immunity and present at birth
Passive immunity
Given from an outside source, temporary ..ex. Breast milk
Allergy
Immune response to something that is really harmless
HIV
Virus that causes AIDS and targets WBC
Organ transplant
Put on drugs to decrease the immune response so they don’t reject the new organ
What other molecules are specific besides antibodies and antigens?
Enzymes,substrates,cell receptor , chemical messengers
