Intro To Nutrition

Question 0

Heterotrophs

Answer 0

“Other feeding “ obtain organic material from other living organisms by creating greater surface area EX. Animals fungi protist and bacteria

Question 1

Autotrophs

Answer 1

“Self feeding” make organic compounds from inorganic raw materials by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis EX plants algae

Question 2

Photosynthesis equation

Answer 2

CO2+H2O+sunlight–>C6H12O6+H2O+O2

Question 3

Physical digestion

Answer 3

Food is cut ,ground and torn to help speed into the breakdown of food in most organisms by creating greater surface area

Question 4

Chemical digestion

Answer 4

The food molecules are broken down chemically by digestive enzymes

Question 5

Enzymatic hydrolysis

Answer 5

Chemical breakdown of food by adding water

Question 6

Intracellular digestion

Answer 6

Occurs within cells , only type of digestion in unicellular organisms(ameba and paramecium …), also occurs in multicellular organisms(hydra)

Question 7

Extracellular digestion

Answer 7

Occurs outside of the cells(multicellular organisms)

Question 8

Macronutrients

Answer 8

Too big to enter cell without being broken down first into building blocks( carbohydrates, lipids , and proteins)

Question 9

Building blocks of carbohydrates

Answer 9

Monosaccharides (simple sugars) usually seen as a hexagon or pentagon

Question 10

Building blocks of lipids

Answer 10

3 fatty acids and glycerol ( usually seen an E formation)

Question 11

Building blocks of protein

Answer 11

Amino acids( seen with NH2 and COOH- carboxyl)

Question 12

Carbohydrates function

Answer 12

Energy source and some help fight cancer causing agents

Question 13

Carbohydrates sources

Answer 13

Sugar(candy,fruit) starch( bread pasta rice ) veggie and whole grains

Question 14

Lipids function

Answer 14

Energy storage, insulation, cell membranes and hormones

Question 15

Lipids sources

Answer 15

Meat,oils

Question 16

Other info about lipids

Answer 16

Fat in diets is less than 30% , stay away from saturated fats (solid at room temp)

Question 17

Proteins function

Answer 17

Provide amino acids for muscles ,organs, antibodies and enzymes, and some hormones

Question 18

Protein sources

Answer 18

Meat ,fish, poultry, eggs, beans, nuts

Question 19

Essential amino acids

Answer 19

8 of them that your body cannot produce but needs to be in your diet,without them you are not able to make some kinds of proteins and this can cause certain diseases

Question 20

Why is water important?

Answer 20

It is a large percentage of our body weight and has a role in many chemical reactions, substances in body are dissolved(blood plasma)

Question 21

Micronutrients

Answer 21

Small enough to fit through cell without being broken down , vitamins and minerals

Question 22

Vitamins

Answer 22

Act as coenzymes or enzyme helpers, they are important in chemical reactions in your body

Question 23

Vitamin C function

Answer 23

Neurotransmitter ,hormones,prevents cancer,degenerates diesease

Question 24

Vitamin c deficiency

Answer 24

Scurvy(swollen gums,burning mouth and loose teeth)

Question 25

Vitamin c sources

Answer 25

Citrus fruits,berries,melon,tomatoes,green peppers,and leafy green veggies

Question 26

Vitamin k functions

Answer 26

Essential for blood clotting

Question 27

Vitamin k deficiency

Answer 27

Bruising and slow blood clotting

Question 28

Vitamin k sources

Answer 28

Cooked dark veggies (kale,broccoli,spinach)kiwi and olive oils

Question 29

Vitamin a function

Answer 29

Maintains skin and mucus membranes and lining of digestive tract

Question 30

Vitamin a deficiency

Answer 30

Follicular hyperkeratosis

Question 31

Vitamin a sources

Answer 31

Carotenoids , milk, dark veggies

Question 32

Vitamin b-1(thiamine) Function

Answer 32

Coenzymes for carbohydrates metabolism

Question 33

Vitamin b-1(thiamine) Deficiency

Answer 33

Beriberi,Herat disease , confusion , possible relationship with Alzheimer’s

Question 34

Vitamin b-1(thiamine) Sources

Answer 34

Whole grains ,lean pork,legumes

Question 35

Minerals

Answer 35

Inorganic compounds that must be supplied by the diet

Question 36

Calcium function

Answer 36

Bone growth

Question 37

Calcium deficiency

Answer 37

Osteoporosis ,hypertension or high blood pressure, colon cancer

Question 38

Calcium sources

Answer 38

Dairy products, kale and broccoli

Question 39

Iodine function

Answer 39

Necessary for metabolism

Question 40

Iodine deficiency

Answer 40

Goiter, impairs growth and neurological development

Question 41

Iodine sources

Answer 41

Iodine in soil and iodized salt

Question 42

Iron function

Answer 42

Carries oxygen and forms hemoglobin

Question 43

Iron deficiency

Answer 43

Anemia, low hemoglobin and low birth weight babies

Question 44

Iron sources

Answer 44

Grain products,meat,poultry,and fish

Question 45

Zinc function

Answer 45

Present in nucleus;plays major role in regulation

Question 46

Zinc deficiency

Answer 46

Reduced immune function ,skin legions and depressed growth

Question 47

Zinc sources

Answer 47

Red and white meat,shellfish

Question 48

Malnourishment

Answer 48

Sufficient calorie intake and not enough nutrient

Question 49

Undernourishment

Answer 49

Lack of sufficient calories in available food,little or no ability to move or work, dies from lack of energy

Question 50

Marasmus(SAT II)

Answer 50

Emaciation caused by lack of proteins in calories

Question 51

Kwashiorkor(SATII)

Answer 51

Lack of sufficient proteins, failure of neural development in infants and lead to learning disabilities