Intro To Nutrition Flashcards
Heterotrophs
“Other feeding “ obtain organic material from other living organisms by creating greater surface area EX. Animals fungi protist and bacteria
Autotrophs
“Self feeding” make organic compounds from inorganic raw materials by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis EX plants algae
Photosynthesis equation
CO2+H2O+sunlight–>C6H12O6+H2O+O2
Physical digestion
Food is cut ,ground and torn to help speed into the breakdown of food in most organisms by creating greater surface area
Chemical digestion
The food molecules are broken down chemically by digestive enzymes
Enzymatic hydrolysis
Chemical breakdown of food by adding water
Intracellular digestion
Occurs within cells , only type of digestion in unicellular organisms(ameba and paramecium …), also occurs in multicellular organisms(hydra)
Extracellular digestion
Occurs outside of the cells(multicellular organisms)
Macronutrients
Too big to enter cell without being broken down first into building blocks( carbohydrates, lipids , and proteins)
Building blocks of carbohydrates
Monosaccharides (simple sugars) usually seen as a hexagon or pentagon
Building blocks of lipids
3 fatty acids and glycerol ( usually seen an E formation)
Building blocks of protein
Amino acids( seen with NH2 and COOH- carboxyl)
Carbohydrates function
Energy source and some help fight cancer causing agents
Carbohydrates sources
Sugar(candy,fruit) starch( bread pasta rice ) veggie and whole grains
Lipids function
Energy storage, insulation, cell membranes and hormones
Lipids sources
Meat,oils
Other info about lipids
Fat in diets is less than 30% , stay away from saturated fats (solid at room temp)
Proteins function
Provide amino acids for muscles ,organs, antibodies and enzymes, and some hormones
Protein sources
Meat ,fish, poultry, eggs, beans, nuts
Essential amino acids
8 of them that your body cannot produce but needs to be in your diet,without them you are not able to make some kinds of proteins and this can cause certain diseases
Why is water important?
It is a large percentage of our body weight and has a role in many chemical reactions, substances in body are dissolved(blood plasma)
Micronutrients
Small enough to fit through cell without being broken down , vitamins and minerals
Vitamins
Act as coenzymes or enzyme helpers, they are important in chemical reactions in your body
Vitamin C function
Neurotransmitter ,hormones,prevents cancer,degenerates diesease
Vitamin c deficiency
Scurvy(swollen gums,burning mouth and loose teeth)
Vitamin c sources
Citrus fruits,berries,melon,tomatoes,green peppers,and leafy green veggies
Vitamin k functions
Essential for blood clotting
Vitamin k deficiency
Bruising and slow blood clotting
Vitamin k sources
Cooked dark veggies (kale,broccoli,spinach)kiwi and olive oils
Vitamin a function
Maintains skin and mucus membranes and lining of digestive tract
Vitamin a deficiency
Follicular hyperkeratosis
Vitamin a sources
Carotenoids , milk, dark veggies
Vitamin b-1(thiamine) Function
Coenzymes for carbohydrates metabolism
Vitamin b-1(thiamine) Deficiency
Beriberi,Herat disease , confusion , possible relationship with Alzheimer’s
Vitamin b-1(thiamine) Sources
Whole grains ,lean pork,legumes
Minerals
Inorganic compounds that must be supplied by the diet
Calcium function
Bone growth
Calcium deficiency
Osteoporosis ,hypertension or high blood pressure, colon cancer
Calcium sources
Dairy products, kale and broccoli
Iodine function
Necessary for metabolism
Iodine deficiency
Goiter, impairs growth and neurological development
Iodine sources
Iodine in soil and iodized salt
Iron function
Carries oxygen and forms hemoglobin
Iron deficiency
Anemia, low hemoglobin and low birth weight babies
Iron sources
Grain products,meat,poultry,and fish
Zinc function
Present in nucleus;plays major role in regulation
Zinc deficiency
Reduced immune function ,skin legions and depressed growth
Zinc sources
Red and white meat,shellfish
Malnourishment
Sufficient calorie intake and not enough nutrient
Undernourishment
Lack of sufficient calories in available food,little or no ability to move or work, dies from lack of energy
Marasmus(SAT II)
Emaciation caused by lack of proteins in calories
Kwashiorkor(SATII)
Lack of sufficient proteins, failure of neural development in infants and lead to learning disabilities
