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Science > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are autotrophs?

A

Organisms that make food on their own

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2
Q

What are heterotrophs?

A

Organisms that obtain energy from food

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3
Q

What is an examnple of an autotroph?

A

A plant

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4
Q

What is an example of a heterotroph?

A

A human

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5
Q

How is ATP different from ADP?

A

ADP only has two phosphate groups

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6
Q

When a cell has energy available, how can it store small amounts of energy?

A

By adding a phosphate group to ADP, producing ATP

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7
Q

When is the energy stored in ATP released?

A

By breaking the bond between the second and third phosphate

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8
Q

Why is ATP so useful for cells?

A

The energy it stores

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9
Q

What are two ways in which cells use energy provided by ATP?

A

Protein Synthesis

Muscle Contractions

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10
Q

Why is it useful for cells to keep a small amount of ATP on hand?

A

It is not good for large amounts of energy. A sugar molecule stores 90x that of 1 ATP

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11
Q

Where do cells get the energy to regenerate ATP?

A

Foods like glucose

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12
Q

What occurs during photosynthesis?

A

Plants convert sunlight energy from H2O and CO2 to carbohydrates

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13
Q

Who discovered that most of a plants mass is water?

A

Jan van Helmont

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14
Q

What did Jan Ingenhousz show?

A

Plants produce oxygen when they are in light

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15
Q

What is the formula for photosynthesis?

A

CO2 + H20 + Light → Sugar + Oxygen

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16
Q

Photosynthesis uses the energy of sunlight to convert what things?

A

Water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high energy carbohydrates

17
Q

What does photosynthesis require in addition to water and CO2?

A

Light and chlorophyll

18
Q

What light absorbing molecules gather the suns energy?

A

Pigments

19
Q

What is the principal pigment of plants?

A

Chlorophyll

20
Q

What regions of the visible light spectrum does chlorophyll absorb well?

A

Blue-violet region

Red region

21
Q

What sac like membranes do chloroplast contain?

A

Thylakoids

22
Q

What is a granum?

A

Stacks of thylakoids

23
Q

What is a stroma?

A

The region outside the thylakoid membranes

24
Q

What are the two stages of photosynthesis called?

A

Light independent reactions

Light dependent reactions

25
Q

When sunlight excites electrons in the chlorophyll, how do the electrons change?

A

They gain much energy

26
Q

What is a carrier molecule?

A

Compounds which take in a pair of high energy electrons and transfer them to another molecule

27
Q

What is the carrier molecule involved with photosynthesis?

A

NADP+

28
Q

How does NADP+ become NADPH?

A 
NADP+ is converted to NADPH by accepting and holding two high energy electrons (e-) and one
hydrogen ion (H+).
29
Q

What are true things about light dependent reactions

A

They convert ADP into ATP
They produce oxygen gas
They convert NADP+ into NADPH

30
Q

Where do light-dependet reactions take place?

A

In the thylacoid membrane

31
Q

What dies the Calvin cycle use to produce high-energy sugars?

A

Uses ATP and NADPH to make sugars

32
Q

Why are the reactions of the calvin cycle also called light independent reactions?

A

It does not require light to work

33
Q

What are true things about the Calvin cycle?

A

Carbon dioxide molecules enter the Calvin cycle from the atmosphere
Energy from ATP and high-energy electrons from NADPH are used to convert 3-carbon molecules into higher energy forms
The Calvin cycle used six molecules of carbon dioxide to produce a single 6-carbon sugar molecule

34
Q

What are three factors that affect the rate at which photosynthesis occurs?

A

Light intensity
Availability of water
Temperature

35
Q

True or false? ATP is not good for storing large amounts of energy over time

A

True

36
Q

Can heterotrophs obtain food from eating plant-eating animals?

A

Of course!

Science (23 decks)

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