Genne Flashcards
Chromosone Theory of Heredity
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Sex chromosomes
a chromosome which determines the sex, of two kinds
autosome
any chromosome that is not a sex chromosne
X chromosone
a sex chromosone
Y Chromosone
a sex chromosne
Mutation
permanent change to a genetic sequence
Chromosonal mutation
A chromosome mutation causes changes in the structure or number of chromosomes in a cell
nondisjunction
abnormal distribution of chromosomes in the daughter nuclei due to failed splitting of homologous paird
point mutation
a mutation affecting a very small amount of nucleotiudes in a gene sequence
substitution
type of point mutation where a nucelotide is replaced with a different one resulting in an altered sequence during trranslation
insertion
Insertion of one or more nuceletides in a gene sequence
deletion
where part of a chromosome or gene sequence is deleted missing
frameshift mutation
genetic mutation where by insertion of deletion a sequence is changed the way its read
incomplete dominance
where one allele does not completely dominate the other and results in a new phenotype
codominance
on a heterozyugote resulting in offspring that’s phenotype is neither dominant nor recessive
polygenic inheritance
a single trait that is influenced by two or more allele (hair color)
multiple allele inheritance
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translocation
chromosomal segment is moved from one position to another
duplication
duplication of a region of DNA that contains a gene.
Downsyndrome
An extra copy of chromosome 21
Klinefelters Syndrome
Boy is born with an extra x chromosne
Turners Syndrome
Where women only have one x chromosne
Amniocentesis
screen for developmental abnormalities in a fetus.
karyotype
The number and visual appearance of the chromosomes oiin the cell
hemophilia
Where blood cannot clot well (inherited)
sicklecell anemia
inherited abnormal hemoglobin
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
mutattion if the DMD gene that is inherited. encodes the muscle protein, dystrophin
cystic fibrosis
heredity dfisorder which production of abnormally thick mucus, leading to the blockage of the pancreatic ducts, intestines, and bronchi and often resulting in respiratory infection
Tay-Sachs Disease
an inherited metabolic disorder in which certain lipids accumulate in the brain, causing spasticity and death in childhood.
polydactyly
a condition in which a person or animal has more than five fingers or toes on one, or on each, hand or foot. Iherited
mutagen
a chemical substance which causes genetic mutation
inbreeding
bred from closely related people over decades
hybridization
mating organisms of different varieties or species to create a hybrid
Huntington’s disease
a hereditary disease marked by degeneration of the brain cells and causing chorea and progressive dementia.
monosomy
having only one chromosone
trisomy
having an extra chromosone
somatic mutation
Alterations in DNA that occur after conception
germ mutation
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