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Science > Mitosis and Meiosis > Flashcards

Mitosis and Meiosis Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Where is the genetic info found in a cell?

A

on genes on the chromosones

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2
Q

what are chromosomes made of?

A

DNA and proteins

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3
Q

How many chromosomes in humans?

A

46

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4
Q

Before coiling, what are DNA and proteins called?

A

Chromatin

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5
Q

What is a histone?

A

DNA coiled around a protein aka spool

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6
Q

What are two copied parts of DNA called?

A

Chromatids

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7
Q

What are chromatids held together with?

A

A centromere

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8
Q

What does supercoil mean?

A

form into a superhelix

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9
Q

What happens during the cell cycle?

A

cells grow
prepare for division
divide to form two daughter cells

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10
Q

What cells often go through the cell cycle?

A

skin, digestive tract lining, and blood cells

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11
Q

What is the first period during interphase?

A

G₁ phase

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12
Q

What happens during the G₁ phase?

A

The cell grows

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13
Q

What is the second period during interphase?

A

S phase

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14
Q

What does ‘S’ stand for?

A

Synthesis

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15
Q

What happens during the S phase?

A

The chromosomes replicate themself

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16
Q

What is the final phrase of interphase?

A

G₂ phase

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17
Q

What happens during the G₂ phase?

A

The cell grows rapidly to prepare for division

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18
Q

Whats the longest phase of the CELL CYCLE?

A

Interphase

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19
Q

How much of the time is a cell in interphase?

A

Over half the time

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20
Q

What is the longest phase of MITOSIS?

A

The prophase

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21
Q

What happens during the prophase?

A

centrosomes appear, and the chromosomes coil more and are visible under a microscope

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22
Q

What is the shortest part of MITOSIS?

A

The metaphase

23
Q

What happens during the metaphase?

A

The chromosomes line up in the middle (Metaphase – Middle)

24
Q

What are spindles also known as?

A

Microtubules

25
Q

What happens during the anaphase?

A

The chromatoids separate to opposite sides

26
Q

What happens to the spindles?

A

They shorten

27
Q

What facilitates the synthesis of microtubules?

A

The centrosomes during the prophase

28
Q

Wen are the centrosomes at the opposite poles?

A

At the metaphase

29
Q

What do you call the broken chromatids during the anaphase?

A

Chromosomes

30
Q

What happens during the telephase?

A

Chromosomes arrive at the ends of the cell
Chromosomes uncoil
Nuclear membrane reappears
Spindle fibers are disassembled

31
Q

What is a cleavage furrow?

A

Where the cell membrane pinches in

32
Q

What is cytokinesis?

A

Dividing of cellular contents, occurs simultaneously with telophase

33
Q

What is the first stage of the cell cycle?

A

Interphase

34
Q

What is the second stage of the cell cycle?

A

Prophase

35
Q

What is the third phase of the cell cycle?

A

Metaphase

36
Q

What is the fourth phase of the cell cycle?

A

Anaphase

37
Q

What is the fifth phase of the cell cycle?

A

Telophase

38
Q

What occurs after mitosis?

A

Cytokinesis

39
Q

What happens during the telophase in a plant cell?

A

A cell plate forms

40
Q

T or F? There are centrioles in plant cells.

A

False

41
Q

What is a gamete?

A

A sex cell

42
Q

What is meiosis?

A

A process which splits the number of chromosomes in half during production of gametes

43
Q

What are homologous chromosomes?

A

Like chromosomes

44
Q

What happens during Interphase 1?

A

The chromosomes replicate (1 from father and 1 from the mother)

45
Q

What comes after Interphase 1?

A

Prophase 1

46
Q

What happens during prophrase 1?

A

The two homologous come together to form a tetrad

47
Q

What happens during telophase and anophase 1?

A

Chromosomes separate independently of each other?

48
Q

What is it called when Chromosomes separate independently of each other?

A

Independent assortment

49
Q

What does Independent assortment result in?

A

Random separation of chromosomes genetic recombination

50
Q

When does Meiosis 2 occur?

A

Right Right after Telophase I

51
Q

Is there interphase in Meiosis 2?

A

No

52
Q

What gender is XY?

A

Male

53
Q

What gender is XX?

A

Female

54
Q

How many haploid sperm does Spermatogenesis produce?

A

4

Science (23 decks)

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