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Evo Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is evolution?

A

The gradual change in a species over time

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2
Q

Who believed organisms aquired traits through use and disuse

A

Lamarck

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3
Q

Who discovered that people are bron faster than death?

A

CharlesMalthus

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4
Q

What are homologous structures?

A

Structures that have similar form but different functions

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5
Q

Who thought of tendency towards perfection?

A

Lamarck

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6
Q

What is an example of tendency towards perfection?

A

Giraffes

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7
Q

What is the Malthusian doctrine?

A

Organisms prodce more offspring than can survive

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8
Q

What are vestigial organs?

A

Organs which are no longer have a function ex. Appendix

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9
Q

What is common descent?

A

That all living organisms descended from a common ancestor

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10
Q

What is adaptive radiation?

A

When a species evolves into another species to fit a niche (beaks)

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11
Q

What is divergent evolution?

A

Where two related populations become more and more dissimilar

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12
Q

What is the founder effect?

A

Change in gene frequency as a result of a movement of a population

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13
Q

What is temporal isolation?

A

Keeps individuals of different species from breeding, even if they live in the same environment

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14
Q

What is behavior isolation?

A

Helps members of the same species identify each other with signals

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15
Q

What is geographical isolation?

A

Physical barriers which prevent the exchange of genetic material

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16
Q

Example of temporal isolation?

A

Individuals do not mate because they are active at different times

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17
Q

Example of behavioral isolation?

A

Individuals of different species may meet, but choose members of their own species. They may not recognize sexual cues given by other species

18
Q

What is reproductive isolation?

A

situation where different species may live in the same area, but properties of individuals prevent them from interbreeding

19
Q

What do mass extinctions lead to?

A

Evolution of new species

Niches to be filled by existing species

20
Q

What is convergent evolution?

A

Unrelated organisms look alike, but evolved totally isolated from one another

21
Q

What is an analogous structure?

A

same function, different purpose

22
Q

What is co-evolution?

A

Two totally unrelated species evolve in response to change over time

23
Q

What is gradualism?

A

Evolution in a constant and steady rate

24
Q

What is Punctuated equilibrium?

A

Periods of equilibrium followed by rapid change

25
Q

What is a species?

A

Group of organisms that breed with one another

26
Q

How many species of finches on Galapaco islands?

A

13

27
Q

What is macro evolution?

A

Major evolutionary changes

28
Q

What are HOX genes?

A

Determine basic structure of an organism

29
Q

What does bipedal mean?

A

Using two legs for walking

30
Q

What does opposable thumb mean?

A

A thumb on opposite side to grasp objects`

31
Q

What is a prehensile tail?

A

A tail which can wrap around branches

32
Q

What was the fossil lucy?

A

One of humankind’s earliest ancestors

33
Q

How old is Lucy?

A

3.2 Million years

34
Q

hat gender was Lucy?

A

Female

35
Q

What species was Lucy part of?

A

Australopithecus afarensis

36
Q

When did neanderthals disappear?

A

30,000-35,000 years ago

37
Q

What is a Neanderthal

?

A

Extincc species of humans

38
Q

What people found Lucy?

A

Donald Johanson and Tom Gray

39
Q

What two groups did humans evolve into?

A

Homo-erectus

Homo-sapiens

40
Q

What is gene flow?

A

transfer of alleles or genes from one population to another

41
Q

What is genetic drift?

A

Genetic drift is the accidental shift in allele frequencies in a population

Science (23 decks)

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