Evo Flashcards
What is evolution?
The gradual change in a species over time
Who believed organisms aquired traits through use and disuse
Lamarck
Who discovered that people are bron faster than death?
CharlesMalthus
What are homologous structures?
Structures that have similar form but different functions
Who thought of tendency towards perfection?
Lamarck
What is an example of tendency towards perfection?
Giraffes
What is the Malthusian doctrine?
Organisms prodce more offspring than can survive
What are vestigial organs?
Organs which are no longer have a function ex. Appendix
What is common descent?
That all living organisms descended from a common ancestor
What is adaptive radiation?
When a species evolves into another species to fit a niche (beaks)
What is divergent evolution?
Where two related populations become more and more dissimilar
What is the founder effect?
Change in gene frequency as a result of a movement of a population
What is temporal isolation?
Keeps individuals of different species from breeding, even if they live in the same environment
What is behavior isolation?
Helps members of the same species identify each other with signals
What is geographical isolation?
Physical barriers which prevent the exchange of genetic material
Example of temporal isolation?
Individuals do not mate because they are active at different times
Example of behavioral isolation?
Individuals of different species may meet, but choose members of their own species. They may not recognize sexual cues given by other species
What is reproductive isolation?
situation where different species may live in the same area, but properties of individuals prevent them from interbreeding
What do mass extinctions lead to?
Evolution of new species
Niches to be filled by existing species
What is convergent evolution?
Unrelated organisms look alike, but evolved totally isolated from one another
What is an analogous structure?
same function, different purpose
What is co-evolution?
Two totally unrelated species evolve in response to change over time
What is gradualism?
Evolution in a constant and steady rate
What is Punctuated equilibrium?
Periods of equilibrium followed by rapid change
What is a species?
Group of organisms that breed with one another
How many species of finches on Galapaco islands?
13
What is macro evolution?
Major evolutionary changes
What are HOX genes?
Determine basic structure of an organism
What does bipedal mean?
Using two legs for walking
What does opposable thumb mean?
A thumb on opposite side to grasp objects`
What is a prehensile tail?
A tail which can wrap around branches
What was the fossil lucy?
One of humankind’s earliest ancestors
How old is Lucy?
3.2 Million years
hat gender was Lucy?
Female
What species was Lucy part of?
Australopithecus afarensis
When did neanderthals disappear?
30,000-35,000 years ago
What is a Neanderthal
?
Extincc species of humans
What people found Lucy?
Donald Johanson and Tom Gray
What two groups did humans evolve into?
Homo-erectus
Homo-sapiens
What is gene flow?
transfer of alleles or genes from one population to another
What is genetic drift?
Genetic drift is the accidental shift in allele frequencies in a population
