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Science > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is independence?

A

one change can affect all species

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2
Q

What is the biosphere?

A

the volume of earth and its atmosphere whcih supports life

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3
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

All organisms and the nonliving enviroment found in a particular place

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4
Q

What is a community?

A

All the interacting organisms in an area

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5
Q

What is a population?

A

Individual organisms of a single species

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6
Q

What is Acclimation?

A

When an organisms gradually adjusts to the environment

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7
Q

What are conformers?

A

Organisms that do not regulate their internal conditions; they change with he enviroment

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8
Q

What are regulators?

A

Use energy to control some of their internal conditions

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9
Q

What is a niche?

A

a way of life or a role in an ecosystem

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10
Q

What are producers?

A

Photosynthetic and make carbohydrates by using energy from the sun

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11
Q

What is a food chain?

A

A single pathway of energy transfer

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12
Q

What is a food web?

A

A network showing all paths of energy transfer

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13
Q

What are the two main steps in the carbon cycle?

A

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration

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14
Q

What do nitrogen fixing bacteria do?

A

Change nitrogen gas into a usable form of nitrogen for plants

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15
Q

What is predation?

A

Interaction in which one organism captures and eats all or part of another organism

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16
Q

What is mimicry?

A

Adaptation in which a species gains an advantage by resembling another species or object

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17
Q

What is mutualism?

A

Both interacting species benefit

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18
Q

What is commensalism?

A

One species benefits and the other is not affected

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19
Q

What is species richness?

A

Number of species in a community

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20
Q

What is species evenness?

A

Relative abundance of each species

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21
Q

Where is species richness greater?

A

Equator

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22
Q

What is ecological succession?

A

Change in the species composition of a community over time

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23
Q

What is primary succession?

A

Assembly of a community on newly created habitat

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24
Q

What is secondary succession?

A

Change in a community following a disturbance

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25
Q

What is climax community?

A

When a community reaches a stable end point usually after a disruption

26
Q

What is tundra?

A

Cold biome characterized by permafrost under the surface of the ground

27
Q

What are tropical forests?

A

Receive abundant rainfall and have stable temps

28
Q

Which biome has the greatest species richness?

A

Tropical forest

29
Q

What is a temperate forest?

A

Have coniferous trees which seed in cones.

Have deciduous trees, shed leaves annually

30
Q

What is taiga?

A

Cold, but warmer than tundra and receive percipitation

31
Q

What forests are in Taiga?

A

Coniferous forests

32
Q

What are temperate grasslands?

A

Cold winters and hot summers.

33
Q

What is a savanna?

A

Tropical grasslands with wet and dry seasons

34
Q

What is a Chaparral?

A

Found in coastal regions with warm , dry summers and mild winters
Dense, spiny shrubs

35
Q

What is a desert?

A

Receive less than 25cm of rain

Species conserve water

36
Q

What is the photic zone?

A

Receives light

37
Q

What is the aphotic zone?

A

Does not receive light

38
Q

What is the Intertidal zone?

A

Organisms must be able to tolerate drying and pouding by waves

39
Q

What is the Neritic zone?

A

Receives nutrients from the bottom of the ocean and from land. Richest in number of species

40
Q

What is a Estuarie?

A

Productive area where rivers and streams flow into the sea

41
Q

What is an Oligotrophic zone?

A

Clear and lacking in nutrients

42
Q

What is a limiting nutrient?

A

Essential thing to species but is scarce

43
Q

What is the greenhouse effect?

A

Situation in which heat is retained by greenhouse gasses such as co2

44
Q

What is symbiosis?

A

A mutual benefiting relationship between two organisms

45
Q

What factors define a biome?

A

Abiotic ones such as climate and assemblage of plants

46
Q

What are phytoplankton?

A

Photosynthetic organisms which are found near the surface of ocean and form part of a plankton

47
Q

What are zooplankton?

A

Tiny animals which form part of the plankton

48
Q

What is population density?

A

Number of induviduals per unit of area

49
Q

What three factors affect population size?

A

Number of births
Number of deaths
Number which enter or leave population

50
Q

What is k?

A

Carrying capacity

51
Q

What is carrying capacity?

A

Largest number of individuals of a population which an environment can support

52
Q

What is sustainable use?

A

Way of using resources without depleting them

53
Q

What is soil erosion?

A

The wearing away of soil by water and wind

54
Q

What is desertification?

A

Productive areas turned to deserts

55
Q

What is deforestification?

A

Loss of forests

56
Q

Why is biodiversity important?

A

Species have provided us with food, medicines, like pain killers

57
Q

What is biological magnification?

A

Substances such as metals are eaten up the food chain and by birds and it is concentrated further

58
Q

What is the ozone layer?

A

A large concentration of ozone

59
Q

What is global warming?

A

The increase in temp of the biosphere

60
Q

What are causes of global warming?

A

Increased amount of co2 by human ativitis and other greenhouse gasses

61
Q

What are Denitrifying bacteri?

A

Make nitrogen gas

62
Q

What are invasive species?

A

Oranisms which reproduce rapidly. Drives native species to extinction

Science (23 decks)

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