Midterm Review Flashcards
Steps of scientific method?
Question Research Hypothesis Test Hypothesis Analyze Publish
Limitations of microscopes?
Only magnify 2000x times, blurs
Main branches of biology?
Botany
Zoology
Genetics
What is Botany?
Study of plants
What is Zoology
Study of Animals
What is Genetics?
Study of genes
List 5 characteristics of living things
Made of cells Obtain and use energy Grow and develop Reproduce Respond to enviroment
What is covalent bonding?
Bond which involves sharing of electrons
What is ionic bonding?
Bond which involves an electrostatic attraction
Which bond has a definite shape?
Covalent bonds (water molecule)
Which is a bond between two nonmetals?
Covalent bonds
Which is a bond between one metal and one nonmetal?
Ionic bonds
What is a peptide bond?
carboxyl group of one atom with amino group of another atom releasing water
What does a peptide bond result in?
dehydration synthesis
What is the atomic number?
Number of protons in atom
What is the mass number?
The number of protons and neutrons
What are the two main types of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharide and disaccharide
What are the three types of monosaccharides?
Glucose, Glactose, and Fructose
What are three main types of disaccharides?
Surcose, Lactose, and Maltose
What is two monosaccharides is surcose made of?
glucose and fructose
What two monosaccharides is lactose made of?
glucose and glactose
What two monosaccharides is maltose made of?
glucose and glucose (SAME)
What is the molecular formula of a monosacharride?
C6H12O6
What is the molecular formula of a disaccharide?
C12H22O11
What are proteins?
Polymers linked through peptide bonds into a chain of amino acids?
What are nucleic acids?
Polymers of nucleotides linked in a chain
Which fats are a straight bond and no bend?
Saturated fats
Which fats are liquid at room temperature?
Unsaturated fats
Which fats have a bend with double bond in them?
Unsaturated fats
Which fats are solid at room tempurature?
Saturated fats
What is a lipid also known as?
Triglyceride
What is an enzyme?
Substance that acts as a catalyst and lowers activation temperature required
Name two enzymes
catalse
ATP Synthase
What does catalase do?
Catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen
What does ATP Synthase do?
provides energy for the cell to use through the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate AKA ATP
What is the carboxyl group?
-COOH
What is the amino group?
-NH2, Nitrogen bonded to two hydrogen atoms
What did Matthias Schleiden discover?
Discovered all plants were made of cells
What did Theodore Schwann discover?
That animals were made of cells
What did Rudolf Virchow discover?
All living things com from other things
What did Robert Hooke discover?
Discovered the cell composition of cork, coined the work cork
Which type of cell does not have a nucleus?
A prokaryotic cell
What is a hypertonic solution?
A solution that contains more dissolved particles than is found in normal cells
What is a hypotonic solution?
A solution that contains less dissolved particles that found in the normal cells
What is an isotonic solution?
A solution with equal concentrations of solutes on both sides (cell and liquid)
What did Van Helmont discover?
Discovered that most a plants mass is water and conculed plants released a combustible gas
What did Joseph Priestly discover?
Discovered oxygen, also invented soda water (carbonated drinks)
How does ATP turn into ADP?
The second-third bond is broken on it and energy is released
What are the steps of aerobic respiration?
Glycereol, Krebs cycle, Electron Transport chain
What are the steps of anaerobic respiration?
Glycolysis, Fermentation (lactic if human)
What is the formula for lactic acid fermentation?
Lactic acid + NAD + bacteria in animals and humans
What is the formula for alcoholic fermentation?
Alchol + CO2+ NAD + Yeast
Which type of fermentation takes place in humans?
Lactic Acid
