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Bio 30 > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

1
Q

What is photosynthesis

A

The process plants use to obtain energy from the sun

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2
Q

What is a biochemical pathway

A

A complex series of chemical reactions in which the product of one reaction is consumed in the next reaction

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3
Q

Two examples of biochemical pathways

A

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration

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4
Q

What are the products and reactions of photosynthesis

A

Photosynthesis produces organic compounds in O2
Reactants : CO2 and water

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5
Q

What is the light reaction

A

The initial reaction in photo synthesis

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6
Q

Explain the structure of a chloroplasts

A

Thylakoid- a system of menbrain, arranged as flattened sacs

Stroma- a solution surrounding thylakoid

Grana(Granum) thylakoids stacked on top of each other

An inner and outer membrane

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7
Q

How does the light reaction begin

A

By the absorption of light in chloroplast

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8
Q

Where are pigments found in the chloroplast

A

In the membrane of thylakoids

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9
Q

Name the three pigments in chlorophylls/thylakoids

A

Chlorophyll a

Chlorophyll b

Caroteniods

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10
Q

Which pigment is involved in the light reaction and what are accessory pigments

A

Chlorophyll a is the only pigment directly involved in the light reaction

The accessory pigments, cariteniods, and chlorophyll b only assist on absorbing more light

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11
Q

What is a photosystem how many types are there

A

A cluster of pigment molecules, there are two types, photo system II and photo system I

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12
Q

Explain the steps in the light reaction

A
  1. Sunlight excites electrons in chlorophyll, a molecule of photosystem II
  2. These electrons move to a primary electron acceptor ( leave chlorophyll a)

2.5 to replace the electrons, missing water is split, and the electrons from that are substituted.

  1. The electrons are then transferred along a series of molecules called an electron transport chain. ( During this process, protons are moved to the other side of the thylakoid)
  2. Light excites electrons chlorophyll a molecules of photosystem I. As those electrons move to another primary electron acceptor, they are replaced from the photo system II electrons
  3. The electrons from the photo system one are transferred along a second electron transport chain at the end of this chain, the they combined with NADP + and protons to make NADPH ( needed for the calvin cycle)
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13
Q

How are the electrons in the photo system II replaced

A

An enzyme splits water into electrons, protons, and oxygen. The electrons replace the missing ones. The protons are left inside the thylachoid. And the oxygen is released out of the plant

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14
Q

What is chemiosmosis

A

This is the process that the light reaction uses to synthesize/make ATP for the calvin cycle

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15
Q

Explain chemiosmosis

A

The high concentration of protons that are inside the thylakoid ( because of electron transport chain)
Is harnessed by the protein called ATP synthesis. This energy is then used to add ADP to a phosphate group. This makes ATP

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16
Q

The name of ADP

A

Adenisine diphosphate

17
Q

What is the second reaction in the photosynthesis bio chemical pathway

A

The calvin cycle or dark reaction

18
Q

How does c 02 enter leaves

A

Through the stoma

19
Q

Explain carbon fixation

A

Carbon fixation is the first part of the calvin cycle

CO2 COMBINED with RuBP (5 carbon) two form two molecules of PGA (3 carbon molecules)

20
Q

Explain phase two of the calvin cycle, reduction

A

Each molecule of PGA is converted into a molecule of PGAL. This is done by taking the phosphate group from ATP. Then, receiving a proton from NADPH and releasing the phosphate group. Making PGAL

21
Q

What are the products of reduction

A

ADO NADP+ and phosphate. ALL OF WHICH ARE THEN REUSED IN THE LIGHT reaction

22
Q

Explain regeneration of RuBP, the last phase in the calvin cycle

A

Most of the PGAL is converted back into RuBP, but some PGAL can be used to make a variety of organic compounds

23
Q

How many ATP molecules and NADPH is used in the calvin cycle

A

There needs to be three turns of a carbon cycle in order to produce each molecule of PGAL. Therefore, nine ATP and six NADPH

24
Q

What is the balance equation for photosynthesis

A

6 CO2 + 6H2O + LIGHT ENERGY= C6H12O6 + 602

Bio 30 (14 decks)

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