Genetic Engineering Flashcards
What is generic engineering
The application of molecular genetics for practical purposes. Ex identify genes for specific traits or transfer genes for specific traits from one organism to another
DNA technology
The technology in used in generic engineering ex restrictive enzymes
What is a restrictive enzymes
Uses to cut DNA molecules at specific sites
Ehat are sticky ends
Single chained tails of DNA resulting from a restriction enzyme cut. They readily binded to complementary sites.
Cloning vector
A carrier used to clone a gene and transfer it from one organism to another
Plasmid
A single ring of DNA found in bacterium. This is a cloning vector
Donor gene
A specific gene isolated from another organism
Gene clone
A ln exact copy of a gene
Explain trainsplanting genes
- Isolating gene
____isolated human DNA cell and plasmid. Then, cut a specific site to add human DNA to plasmid. This makes recombination DNA - Producing recombination DNA
- Cloning DNA
______recombination cell is placed into the bacterium. Which then starts multiply the human DNA
What is a genomic library
A set of thousands of DNA pieces from a genome that have been inserted into a cloning vector
Recombination DNA
The combination of DNA from two or more sources
Transgenic orgaism
A host organism receiving recombination DNA
What is a DNA fingerprinting
A pattern of bands made up of specific fragments from an individual’s DNA
The uses of DNA fingerprints
. Comparing individuals’ DNA to see if they
How can prokaryotic fail to express a transplanted eukaryotic gene
The jeans don’t match up and that can lead to a failure
How to make a DNA fingerprint
- Cut DNA into fragments using restriction enzymes
- DNA fragments are separated by gel electrophoresis according to size
- Radioactive probes bind to the DNA fragments that are being compared
- Photographic film allows visualization of the process, producing a DNA fingerprint
What is RFLP analysis
Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis is a method used for repairing dna fingerprints
It involves extracting d n a from a specimen of blood or other tissue and cutting it into fragments using restriction enzymes.
What is gel electrophoresis
A technique to separate DNA. BY placing DNA in a well of gel and running an electric current through it.
What are radioactive probes
Radioactive segments of DNA conplemebtry to the compared DNA. are used in making DNA fingerprints by making the compared fragments more visible
Why are DNA fingerprints accurate
Each person has a different sequence in which dna is put into, so the lengths and size will vary from where the restriction enzyme cuts it.
It is only possible for identical twins to have the same type of fingerprint
What is a PCR
Polymerase chain reaction is used to make many copies of selected segments of the available d.N a.
What is a primer
An artificially made single stranded sequence of DNA required for the iniation of replication
What is the human Genome project
The two goals of this program is to determine the nucleotide sequence of the entire human genome. And to map the location of every gene on each chromosome
What us gene therapy
Treating a genetic disorder by introducing a gene into a cell or a bill correcting a gene defect in a cells genome
