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Bio 30 > Genetic Engineering > Flashcards

Genetic Engineering Flashcards

1
Q

What is generic engineering

A

The application of molecular genetics for practical purposes. Ex identify genes for specific traits or transfer genes for specific traits from one organism to another

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2
Q

DNA technology

A

The technology in used in generic engineering ex restrictive enzymes

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3
Q

What is a restrictive enzymes

A

Uses to cut DNA molecules at specific sites

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4
Q

Ehat are sticky ends

A

Single chained tails of DNA resulting from a restriction enzyme cut. They readily binded to complementary sites.

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5
Q

Cloning vector

A

A carrier used to clone a gene and transfer it from one organism to another

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6
Q

Plasmid

A

A single ring of DNA found in bacterium. This is a cloning vector

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7
Q

Donor gene

A

A specific gene isolated from another organism

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8
Q

Gene clone

A

A ln exact copy of a gene

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9
Q

Explain trainsplanting genes

A
  1. Isolating gene
    ____isolated human DNA cell and plasmid. Then, cut a specific site to add human DNA to plasmid. This makes recombination DNA
  2. Producing recombination DNA
  3. Cloning DNA
    ______recombination cell is placed into the bacterium. Which then starts multiply the human DNA
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10
Q

What is a genomic library

A

A set of thousands of DNA pieces from a genome that have been inserted into a cloning vector

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11
Q

Recombination DNA

A

The combination of DNA from two or more sources

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12
Q

Transgenic orgaism

A

A host organism receiving recombination DNA

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13
Q

What is a DNA fingerprinting

A

A pattern of bands made up of specific fragments from an individual’s DNA

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14
Q

The uses of DNA fingerprints

A

. Comparing individuals’ DNA to see if they

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15
Q

How can prokaryotic fail to express a transplanted eukaryotic gene

A

The jeans don’t match up and that can lead to a failure

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16
Q

How to make a DNA fingerprint

A
  1. Cut DNA into fragments using restriction enzymes
  2. DNA fragments are separated by gel electrophoresis according to size
  3. Radioactive probes bind to the DNA fragments that are being compared
  4. Photographic film allows visualization of the process, producing a DNA fingerprint
17
Q

What is RFLP analysis

A

Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis is a method used for repairing dna fingerprints

It involves extracting d n a from a specimen of blood or other tissue and cutting it into fragments using restriction enzymes.

18
Q

What is gel electrophoresis

A

A technique to separate DNA. BY placing DNA in a well of gel and running an electric current through it.

19
Q

What are radioactive probes

A

Radioactive segments of DNA conplemebtry to the compared DNA. are used in making DNA fingerprints by making the compared fragments more visible

20
Q

Why are DNA fingerprints accurate

A

Each person has a different sequence in which dna is put into, so the lengths and size will vary from where the restriction enzyme cuts it.
It is only possible for identical twins to have the same type of fingerprint

21
Q

What is a PCR

A

Polymerase chain reaction is used to make many copies of selected segments of the available d.N a.

22
Q

What is a primer

A

An artificially made single stranded sequence of DNA required for the iniation of replication

23
Q

What is the human Genome project

A

The two goals of this program is to determine the nucleotide sequence of the entire human genome. And to map the location of every gene on each chromosome

24
Q

What us gene therapy

A

Treating a genetic disorder by introducing a gene into a cell or a bill correcting a gene defect in a cells genome

25
Q

gene therapy and cons

A

Cons just because an individual is susceptible to a genetic disease does not determine whether they get it or how severe it is. This could lead to discrimination in insurance companies and employment.

26
Q

Prose of gene therapy

A

To correct connect disorders

27
Q

What two ways is d n a technology used for

A

It is used on crops and
Medicines

28
Q

How can dna technology be used on organisms

A

D n a technology is used to make pharmaceutical products and vaccines

29
Q

What is a vaccine

A

A solution that contains a harmless version of a virus or a bacterium

30
Q

What is a pathogen

A

Disease causing agents

31
Q

How is d n a technology used on agriculture

A

It’s used to make plats more resistant to disease, make them poisonous to specific pests, make the resistance against herbicides, and make them contain nitrogen fixing genes so that soil does not need to be rich in nitrogen.

32
Q

How are d n a technology used on crops potentially harmful

A

That they could produce toxin proteins or substances that cause allergies and people consuming them

That the crops could spread into the wild and wipe out native plant species. And also transmit their new genes to other species in neighboring areas. ( Like making weeds i’m resistant to herbicides)

Bio 30 (14 decks)

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