Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is biology
The study of all living things
Unifying themes of biology
Cell structure
Stability and homeostasis
Reproduction and inheritance
Evolution
Interdependence of organisms
Matter, energy, and organization
What are unicellular and multicellular organisms
Uni- made up of one cell
Multi- made up of multiple cells
What is homeostasis + example
Stable internal conditions like temp, water content, food intake.
The human body will maintain a temp of 37°c range
What is reproduction
The process of transmitting hereditary info to offspring
What is DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid holds hereditary info. These instructions tell cells how to function.
Sexual + asexual reproduction
Sexual -> hereditary info comes from to parent organisms of the same species
Asexual-> hereditary info is from one parent ( they end up identical)
What is natural selection
The driving force of evolution. Animals with more favorable traits for competition and reproduction will naturally be more likely to survive and past down those traits to offspring.
A short segment of DNA that contains the development of a single trait is known as ?
Gene
What is differentiation
As cells in a multicellular organism multiply, they become different from each other in a process called differentiation
Why are cells the basic unit of life
All orgamlnism are made of and develop from cells
How can cells with the same DNA act diffrent
Cells only use the DNA appropriate to their function.
What us a microscope
An instrument that produces an enlarge image of an object. Used for bio
What is megnfucation
The increase of an object’s apparent size
What is resolution
The power to show details clearly
What is the compound light microscope
A light source directs light upward. The light passes through the specimen and through the objective lens, which enlarges the image. Then by the ocular lens.
The compound light microscope is used to see small organisms or sliced organisms
What is a transmission electron microscope
A transition electron microscope transmits beams of electrons through a very thinly sliced specimen. Lenses, then magnify it and produce an image.
This allows you to see a two d image of the inside of the specimen.
The specimen has to be dead to be use
What is a scanning electron microscope
A scanning electron microscope produces a three d image of the specimen. This specimen is paid with a fine metal coating. A beam of electrons is passed over the specimen’s surface. This causes the metal coating to emit a shower of electrons. These electrons are projected onto a fluorescent screen, producing an image.
What is the magnification of each microscope
The TEM magnifies 200,000 times
The SEM Magnifies 100,000 times
The LM Magnifies 400 times
What is an ecosyste
A community of organisms and their abiotic environment
What do all cells have regarding function instruction
They are all surrounded by a membrane and contain a set of instructions necessary for making new cell part or cells from molecules they take in
Why is differentiation
Sales become different as they multiply and followed various roles from genetic.Info
What is interdependence of organisms
Organisms rely on the environment for substances such as nutrients water and gases
Their environment in return relies on the healthy functioning of organisms to stay stable
What are autotrophs and hetero tropes
Autotroph’s obtain energy by making their own food like photosynthesis
Hetero trophs obtain energy by taking in food.These are animals and
What is matter energy and organization When regarding cells
Living things have highly organized structures that must be maintained in their way orderly state by constant supply of energy
Name characteristics of life
Cells
Organization
Energy use
Homeostasis
Growth
Reproduction
Why are cells are characteristic of life
All of these things are made of cells
Why is organization a characteristic of life
All living things are organized in a savvier and molecular level
Cells organized by function
Substance organized in complex ways
Why is energy?Use a characteristic of life
Energy is used by all living things for metabolism ( Some of all chemical process in organisms)
Maintain molecular and cellular organization
Needed for growth in reproduction
Why is growth a characteristic of life
Living things grow as a result of cell division and cell enlargement,
Self division in unicelia organisms versus multicilier
Cell division with uni cellular results in more organisms
Multicellular Cell division results in growth and development ( This makes adult cells arise and causes differentiation)
Why is reproduction a characteristic of life
All species of organisms can reproduce.It’s not necessary for individual survival, but it is for the survival for the species as a whole
Why is homeostasis a characteristic of life
All living things maintain stable internal conditions.If they don’t they’ll die
Why have not all organisms been found
They are too small to see or in areas that are hard to reach, like deep in the ocean or in dangerous areas
What is a hypothesis
Is a stament that explains their observation and can be tested
What is a prediction
Is a statement made in advance that’s states the result that will be obtained from the testing hypothesis if successful
What us a experiment
Is the process of testing a hypothesis or prediction by gathering data under a controlled conditions
What is a controlled expermint
Based on the comparison of a control group and experimental gtoup
What is the controls group
That group does not have the independent variable
Ex the mice with no amount of drug
What is the experimental group
The group with the independent factor
Ex. The mice are given a drug
What is the dependant vairble
Dependent on the result of the independent variable
What is the independent varable
The factor that is different between the controle group and experimental group
The amount of drug in salt water
What is inferring
Is a conclusion made on the basis of facts or premise rather than on direct observation
What is a theory
Is a broad and comprehensive statement of what is thought to be true
What is model
An explanation supported by data
