Agent Of Evolution + Factors that account for new species Flashcards
What is the founder effect
When a small number of individuals from a large group are isolated. Resulting in a different gene pool than the parent population. This leaves the founding population to evolve differently from the main group because of the missing genes
What is the bottlenecked effect
A bond neck effect is when a short period of time, the size of a population becomes UN. Usually small, resulting in a random change in the gene frequency.
This could result in the loss of traits
What is a population
Any group of organisms capable of interpreting and coexisting in the same place and time
What is a gene pool
The sum of all the alleles in all the individual of a population
What is a allele
one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation
Name 5 factors that account for the development of a new species
1) All organisms produce more offspring than can actually survive
2) As a result of overproduction, there is a constant struggle for existence among individuals
3) The individual of a given species varies
4) The fittest, or best adapted individual of a species survive
5) Surviving organisms transmit variation to offspring
How does the environment limit the growth of population
By increasing the rate of death or decreasing the rate of reproduction, or both.
What are agents of evolution
Factors that change allergic frequencies in natural populations
What are 3 agents of evolution
Mutation
Recombination
Genetic flow and drift - selection
What is mutation, and how does it contribute to evolution
Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell
Point mutation creates new alleles on which natural selection can act - early produce a beneficial trait
What is recombination
Recombination is a chromosome, gamete, or an individual that contains alleles together that are not together in the parents. Recombination individuals exhibit non-parent phenotype.
How is recombination an agent of evolution
It is the main source of vatiation
What is the genetic flow
The alteration of alleles frequency by immergration and emigration where movements of an individual into and out of populations change the number and types of alleles present.
Whatvis genetic drift
The alteration of alleles frequencies by chance. The greater the population size the smaller the change
What populations are most affected by genetic drift
Genetic g f plays major roles in the evolution of island populations, population subject to disaster, and an isolated human population.
