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Bio 30 > Genetics Test > Flashcards

Genetics Test Flashcards

1
Q

Heredity

A

Transmission of genetic info from one generation to another

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2
Q

How is prediction in heredity done

A

Prediction in heredity is expressed in terms of probability. The measure of the chance occurrence of certain events.

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3
Q

Who is gregor mendell

A

1822-1884
Austrian monk
Trained as a mathematician and natural scientist

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4
Q

Explain go to mendel’s experiment

A

Crossed plants with different forms of the same trait.

Reproduction controlled to ensure one trait was crossed with another

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5
Q

What was the results of gregor mendell’s experiment

A

A dominant treat is the only chate that shows the f one group
How high is that group crossed again? A recessive trait will show

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6
Q

What was the conclusion of mendel’s experiment

A

Parents transmit through gametes ( genes) that control traits

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7
Q

What are alleles

A

Different forms of one gene that are paired

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8
Q

What does it mean to be homosigus

A

That both alleles or identical, Pure bread

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9
Q

What does it mean to be heterozygous

A

A pair of a deals with different genetic information

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10
Q

What is a gino type

A

The genetic makeup of an organism ( Genetic pair)

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11
Q

What is a phenotype

A

The description of the organism’s appearance

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12
Q

What is codominus

A

An exception to mendel’s mono hybrid cross

When two alleles of a gene are equally dominant, they combine to produce a new phenotype

Ex If red snapdragons are crossed with white snapdragons, the offspring is pink

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13
Q

What are sex linked traits

A

Sex blinked traits are linked on either x or the y Chromosome. females have two x chromosome.Telemails have an x and y curzone

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14
Q

What is the difference between the x?And y chromosome

A

X chromosome is longer than the y

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15
Q

What is human blood type determined by

A

The interaction of three different alleles. A, B. And C

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16
Q

What do the blood type alleles represent

A

The type of protein that’s found in the blood cell membrane. A, B, o

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17
Q

Why can you not give someone a different blood?Type

A

The body’s immune system is designed to recognize and destroy foreign proteins.

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18
Q

What issues can arise if someone is given the wrong blood type

A

The cells can clump and glog, blood vessels

19
Q

What is a pedigree

A

A try used to trace a certain trait through as many generations as possible

20
Q

Is a pedigree reliable

A

A pedigree only works well with traits that have simple patterns and inheritance, dominance/ recessive, Sex linked

21
Q

Why are pedigree’s use

A

Pedigree can be used to determine how a trait is transmitted and to predict the probability of future offspring inheriting that trait

22
Q

What are the causes of genetic disorder

A

Chromosome admiralities ( Missing or extra chromosomes)

Altered chromosome structure

23
Q

What is a karyotype

A

A photograph of chromosomes

It’s useful in detecting defects due to chromosome admiralities

24
Q

How are chromosomes numbered

A

According to homogulus, pairs and gooped according to size and centromere, position

25
Q

Causes of missing or extra chromosome

A

Call majon failed to separate popularly during meiosis

26
Q

Does a lack of a chromosome always result in non survival

A

Turner syndrome is the only exception due to the presence of bare bodies, which is a coiled up inactive x chromosome

27
Q

What is deletion

A

Piece of a chromosome is missing results in a lack of information

28
Q

What is duplication

A

Deleted portion of one chromosome becomes attached to it homolog ( Neighbor)

29
Q

What is inversion

A

Section of a chromosome becomes reversed.Results is a reversal of the gene.Order

30
Q

What is trans location

A

Fragment of one chromosome becomes attached to a non homagan chromosom

31
Q

What are the effects of a changed chromosome structure

A

Generally, drastic effects like abmorality’s, sterility, usually self destructing

32
Q

What is point mutation

A

Errors are made in the Replication process as d n a is copied for cell division

  • This can be substitution or a deletion, how
33
Q

What is the effect of point mutation

A

It depends on the Process of the gene and wear on the protein, the change occurs

34
Q

Give an example of chromosomes i’m abnorralities

A

Down syndrome
Turner’s syndrome
Kline filter syndrome

35
Q

What is hybrid

A

An individual formed by mating between unlike forms,

36
Q

What is the law dominant

A

The principle of dominate
When parents differ in one characteristic, their hybrid offspring resembles only one of the parents

The principle of segregation
When a hybrid reproduces its reproductive cells, one is of two kinds have transmitting the dominant character of one parent and the other half, transmitting the recessive character of the other parent.

37
Q

What is the principle of segregation

A

The principle of segregation
When a hybrid reproduces its reproductive cells, are of two kinds half transmitting the dominant character of one parent and the other half, transmitting the recessive character of the other parent.

38
Q

What is the principle of assortment

A

Alleles of different genes assort independently of one another during gamite formation

39
Q

Cause of down sydrome

A

Extra chromosome #21

40
Q

Cause of tuner syndrome

A

Missing an sex chrome, leaving them with only X

41
Q

Kline felter’s sybdrome

A

Extra chromosome, X or Y

42
Q

What is the cause of all genetic disorders

A

NoN disjuction
Chromosomes fail to separate properly during meiosis

43
Q

What is sickle cell mutation

A

Caused by a substitution point mutation

Affects hemoglobins and causes blood cells become sickle shaped.

44
Q

What is cystic fibrosis mutation

A

Caused by the deletion point mutation

Results in a missing amino acid in the c f t r protein

Bio 30 (14 decks)

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