Genetics Test Flashcards
Heredity
Transmission of genetic info from one generation to another
How is prediction in heredity done
Prediction in heredity is expressed in terms of probability. The measure of the chance occurrence of certain events.
Who is gregor mendell
1822-1884
Austrian monk
Trained as a mathematician and natural scientist
Explain go to mendel’s experiment
Crossed plants with different forms of the same trait.
Reproduction controlled to ensure one trait was crossed with another
What was the results of gregor mendell’s experiment
A dominant treat is the only chate that shows the f one group
How high is that group crossed again? A recessive trait will show
What was the conclusion of mendel’s experiment
Parents transmit through gametes ( genes) that control traits
What are alleles
Different forms of one gene that are paired
What does it mean to be homosigus
That both alleles or identical, Pure bread
What does it mean to be heterozygous
A pair of a deals with different genetic information
What is a gino type
The genetic makeup of an organism ( Genetic pair)
What is a phenotype
The description of the organism’s appearance
What is codominus
An exception to mendel’s mono hybrid cross
When two alleles of a gene are equally dominant, they combine to produce a new phenotype
Ex If red snapdragons are crossed with white snapdragons, the offspring is pink
What are sex linked traits
Sex blinked traits are linked on either x or the y Chromosome. females have two x chromosome.Telemails have an x and y curzone
What is the difference between the x?And y chromosome
X chromosome is longer than the y
What is human blood type determined by
The interaction of three different alleles. A, B. And C
What do the blood type alleles represent
The type of protein that’s found in the blood cell membrane. A, B, o
Why can you not give someone a different blood?Type
The body’s immune system is designed to recognize and destroy foreign proteins.
What issues can arise if someone is given the wrong blood type
The cells can clump and glog, blood vessels
What is a pedigree
A try used to trace a certain trait through as many generations as possible
Is a pedigree reliable
A pedigree only works well with traits that have simple patterns and inheritance, dominance/ recessive, Sex linked
Why are pedigree’s use
Pedigree can be used to determine how a trait is transmitted and to predict the probability of future offspring inheriting that trait
What are the causes of genetic disorder
Chromosome admiralities ( Missing or extra chromosomes)
Altered chromosome structure
What is a karyotype
A photograph of chromosomes
It’s useful in detecting defects due to chromosome admiralities
How are chromosomes numbered
According to homogulus, pairs and gooped according to size and centromere, position
Causes of missing or extra chromosome
Call majon failed to separate popularly during meiosis
Does a lack of a chromosome always result in non survival
Turner syndrome is the only exception due to the presence of bare bodies, which is a coiled up inactive x chromosome
What is deletion
Piece of a chromosome is missing results in a lack of information
What is duplication
Deleted portion of one chromosome becomes attached to it homolog ( Neighbor)
What is inversion
Section of a chromosome becomes reversed.Results is a reversal of the gene.Order
What is trans location
Fragment of one chromosome becomes attached to a non homagan chromosom
What are the effects of a changed chromosome structure
Generally, drastic effects like abmorality’s, sterility, usually self destructing
What is point mutation
Errors are made in the Replication process as d n a is copied for cell division
- This can be substitution or a deletion, how
What is the effect of point mutation
It depends on the Process of the gene and wear on the protein, the change occurs
Give an example of chromosomes i’m abnorralities
Down syndrome
Turner’s syndrome
Kline filter syndrome
What is hybrid
An individual formed by mating between unlike forms,
What is the law dominant
The principle of dominate
When parents differ in one characteristic, their hybrid offspring resembles only one of the parents
The principle of segregation
When a hybrid reproduces its reproductive cells, one is of two kinds have transmitting the dominant character of one parent and the other half, transmitting the recessive character of the other parent.
What is the principle of segregation
The principle of segregation
When a hybrid reproduces its reproductive cells, are of two kinds half transmitting the dominant character of one parent and the other half, transmitting the recessive character of the other parent.
What is the principle of assortment
Alleles of different genes assort independently of one another during gamite formation
Cause of down sydrome
Extra chromosome #21
Cause of tuner syndrome
Missing an sex chrome, leaving them with only X
Kline felter’s sybdrome
Extra chromosome, X or Y
What is the cause of all genetic disorders
NoN disjuction
Chromosomes fail to separate properly during meiosis
What is sickle cell mutation
Caused by a substitution point mutation
Affects hemoglobins and causes blood cells become sickle shaped.
What is cystic fibrosis mutation
Caused by the deletion point mutation
Results in a missing amino acid in the c f t r protein
