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SLP > Phonetics- Ch 3 > Flashcards

Phonetics- Ch 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Chest cavity; during inhalation it expands in order to make room for the expansion of the lungs; part of the human body between the head/neck and the abdomen

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2
Q

Diaphragm

A

Major muscle that separates the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity; it lowers during inhalation

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3
Q

External intercostal muscles

A

Muscles located between the ribs that aid in inhalation; superficial to the internal intercostals

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4
Q

Sternum

A

The breast bone

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5
Q

Negative pressure

A

As the lungs expand, the pressure in the lungs becomes less than the air pressure in the environment; a drop in air pressure

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6
Q

Internal intercostal muscles

A

Rib cage becomes smaller as it lowers due to the relaxation of the inhalation muscles and the contraction of these muscles; located between the ribs but deep (beneath) the external intercostals; aid in exhalation

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7
Q

Trachea

A

Windpipe; connects the lungs with the larynx; a tube comprised of cartilaginous rings embedded in muscle tissues

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8
Q

Larynx

A

Voice box ; composed mainly of muscle and cartilage; attached inferiorly (below) the trachea and superiorly (above) to a “floating” bone known as the hyoid bone; responsible for phonation

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9
Q

Hyoid bone

A

“Floating” bone; only bone in the human body that does not attach to another bone; has muscle attachments to the tongue and to the mandible; provides structural support for the larynx

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10
Q

Mandible

A

Lower jaw

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11
Q

Vocal folds or vocal cords

A

Elastic folds of tissue, primary composed of muscle

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12
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

Most anterior cartilage of the larynx to which the vocal folds attach; the notch of this forms the “Adam’s apple”

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13
Q

Arytenoid cartilage

A

Paired cartilages of the larynx that attach to the superior portion of the cricoid cartilage; each vocal fold attaches to one arytenoid cartilage

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14
Q

Cricoid cartilage

A

Most inferior to the cartilage of the larynx; encircles the larynx; looks somewhat like a class ring with the band facing anterior lay and the rings feature’s facing posteriorly

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15
Q

Glottis

A

Space between the vocal folds

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16
Q

Subglottal pressure

A

Air pressure applied to the inferior surface of the vocal folds (glottis); the air pressure necessary to blow the vocal folds apart

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17
Q

Bernoulli effect

A

Drop in air pressure, created by an increase in airflow through a constriction; helps explain vocal fold adduction

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18
Q

Phonation

A

Vibration of the vocal folds in creation of a vocal sound

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19
Q

Voiced

A

Phoneme produced with vocal fold vibration

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20
Q

Voiceless

A

Phoneme produced without vocal fold vibration

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21
Q

Abduction

A

Vocal folds remain apart to allow air to flow from the lungs through the glottis to the oral and nasal cavities; movement of the vocal folds away from the midline (closed) position

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22
Q

Adduction

A

When producing voiced phonemes the vocal folds are brought together; movement of the vocal folds toward the midline (closed) position

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23
Q

Fundamental frequency

A

Basic rate of vibration of the vocal folds

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24
Q

Habitual pitch

A

Inherent voice pitch; fundamental frequency of a given individual

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25
Q

Epiglottis

A

Cartilaginous structure that protects the larynx; diverts food away from the trachea and toward the esophagus

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26
Q

Monotone

A

One tone; rarely change the pitch of their voice

27
Q

Supralaryngeal system

A

Anatomical structures over the larynx; structures include the pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity, and the articulators; “the filter”

28
Q

Vocal tract

A

Network consisting of the larynx, pharynx, oral cavity, and nasal cavity

29
Q

Eustachian tube

A

Narrow passage leading from the pharynx to the cavity of the middle ear permitting the equalization of pressure on each side of the eardrum

30
Q

Nares

31
Q

Respiratory system

A

Energy source

32
Q

Laryngeal system

A

Voice system; consists primarily of the larynx

33
Q

Nasal cavity

A

Begins at the nostrils and continues to the nasopharyngeal

34
Q

Oral cavity

A

Mouth; begins at the lips and continues to posteriorly to the oropharynx

35
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

Portion of the larynx adjoining the pharynx

36
Q

Nasopharynx

A

Adjacent to the posterior portion of the nasal cavity

37
Q

Oropharynx

A

Adjacent to the posterior posterior portion of the oral cavity

38
Q

Articulation

A

Modification of airstream by the speech organs in production of spoken language; “to join together”

39
Q

Maxilla

40
Q

Mandible

A

Supports the lower lip; quite active in speech production

41
Q

Labial

A

Phonemes associated with the lips

42
Q

Bilabial

A

Phonemes produced with a constriction involving both lips

43
Q

Central incisors

A

Four front teeth located in both the upper and lower jaws

44
Q

Labiodental

A

Consonant produced with a constriction formed by the lower lip and upper central incisors; ex /f/ and /v/

45
Q

Dental or interdental

A

Phonemes produced by placing the tongue tip between the teeth; ex th words

46
Q

Alveolar ridge

A

Gum ridge of the maxilla located directly behind the upper front teeth containing the sockets of the teeth

47
Q

Alveolar

A

Consonant produced with a constriction formed by the tongue apex or blade and the alveolar ridge; ex /t, d, n, s, z, l/

48
Q

Hard palate or palate

A

Bony structure located posterior to the alveolar ridge; roof of the mouth; separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity

49
Q

Palatal

A

Consonant produced with a constriction formed by the tongue blade and the hard palate

50
Q

Velum

A

Another name for the soft palate; muscular structure located directly posterior to the hard palate

51
Q

Velar sounds

A

Consonant produced with a constriction formed by the back of the tongue and the velum; ex /k, g, ng/

52
Q

Uvula

A

Rounded, tab like fleshy structure located at the posterior tip of the velum

53
Q

Velopharyngeal closure

A

Constriction formed by the velum and the rear wall of the pharynx resulting in a diversion of the airstream into the oral cavity

54
Q

Oral phonemes

A

Phonemes produced with a raised (closed) velum

55
Q

Nasal phoneme

A

Phonemes produced with the velum lowered because the breath stream also flows into the nasal cavity during their production

56
Q

Glottal

A

Phoneme produced at the level of the vocal folds; ex /h/

57
Q

Lingual sounds

A

Sounds produced with the tongue

58
Q

Tongue root

A

Portion of the tongue that attaches to the anterior wall of the pharynx and to the mandible

59
Q

Tongue tip

A

Apex of the tongue

60
Q

Tongue blade

A

Part of the tongue located just posterior to the tip

61
Q

Tongue dorsum

A

Body of the tongue comprised primarily of the front and the back, also the back of the tongue

62
Q

Resonance

A

Vibratory properties of any sound producing body

63
Q

Quality

A

Perceptual character of a sound based on its acoustic resonance patterns

64
Q

Timbre

A

Synonym often used for sound quality

SLP (10 decks)

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