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SLP > Intro To SLP- Ch 1, 2, 3 > Flashcards

Intro To SLP- Ch 1, 2, 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Communication

A

An exchange of meaning between a sender and a receiver

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2
Q

Language

A

Words, sentences, and texts that are used to convey ideas and feelings

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3
Q

Impairment

A

Any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomic structure or function

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4
Q

Disability

A

Reduced competence in meeting daily living needs

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5
Q

Communication disorder

A

Any communication structure or function that is diminished to a significant degree

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6
Q

Handicap

A

A social, educational, or occupational disadvantage that is related to an impairment or disability

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7
Q

Communication difference

A

Communication abilities that differ from those usually encountered in the mainstream culture even though there is no evidence of impairment

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8
Q

Organic

A

Disorders that have a physical cause

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9
Q

Functional

A

Disorders for which a physical cause cannot be identified

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10
Q

Developmental disorders

A

Delays in speech and language development that occur in the maturation of the individual but may continue into adulthood

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11
Q

Acquired disorders

A

Speech and language disorders resulting from brain trauma following an accident or stroke, often occurring after communication skills have been fully developed

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12
Q

Incidence

A

Percentage of the population that experienced a disorder during their lifetime

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13
Q

Prevalence

A

Percentage of individuals with a disorder at a particular point in time

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14
Q

Articulation disorder

A

Problems with the production of speech sounds

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15
Q

Fluency disorder

A

Unusual interruption in the flow of speaking, an atypical rhythm and rate and an unusual number of sounds and syllable repetitions

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16
Q

Phonatory disorder

A

Abnormalities in the vocal fold vibration that yield changed in loudness, pitch, or quality

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17
Q

Resonance disorder

A

Problems closing the opening between the nose and the mouth during production of speech sounds

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18
Q

Dementia

A

General mental deterioration resulting from a pathological deterioration of the brain that progresses and worsens over time

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19
Q

Unilateral

A

One ear

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20
Q

Bilateral

A

Two ears

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21
Q

Discrimination

A

Hearing differences between sounds

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22
Q

Conductive hearing loss

A

Sounds waves are prevented from moving through the outer ear canal, the tympanic membrane or eardrum, or the middle ear ossicles

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23
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss

A

Result of dysfunction in the cochlear or eighth cranial nerve that prevents the sound waves from being transformed into signals that may be interpreted by the brain

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24
Q

Speech production

A

How words and sentences are spoken

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25
Q

Symbolic language

A

The form and content of what is said and understood

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26
Q

Audiologist

A

Professionals who study, assess, and treat individuals who have hearing impairments

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27
Q

Otology

A

Medical specialty that deals with ear disease and the peripheral hearing mechanism

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28
Q

ASHA

A

American Speech-Language Hearing Association

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29
Q

AAA

A

American Academy of Audiology

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30
Q

Licensure

A

Fully credentialed SLPs and audiologists as defined by an individual state

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31
Q

Certification

A

Standards are developed and administered by professional organizations or state agencies

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32
Q

Accreditation

A

A procedure that recognizes educational institutions or facilities providing services to the public as maintaining and conforming to necessary standards

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33
Q

CCC

A

Certificate of Clinical Competence; certificate issued by ASHA in either SLP or audiology that affirms the individual has met the minimal standards for practice in the profession

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34
Q

CEU

A

Continuing Education Units; ASHA requires that professionals complete 30 hours of this in a 36 month cycles to maintain the CCC

35
Q

Ethics

A

Principles of conduct governing an individual or a group

36
Q

Communication

A

Any exchange of meaning between a sender and a receiver

37
Q

Language

A

Standard set of symbols (sounds or letters) and the knowledge about how to combine those symbols into words, sentences, and texts in order to convert ideas and feelings

38
Q

Phonemes

A

Sounds of a language that cause changes in meaning

39
Q

Manner of articulation

A

The different ways that speakers can block airflow through the oral cavity using different types of constrictions

40
Q

Place of articulation

A

Another way of modifying speech sounds is to produce blockages in different places in the oral cavity

41
Q

Voicing

A

Voiced sounds are produced with vibration of the vocal folds and voiceless sounds are produced withe the vocal cords open

42
Q

Syllables

A

Units of speech that consist of consonants and vowels

43
Q

Vowels

A

Central component of the nucleus around which the rest of the syllable is constructed

44
Q

Language content

A

Component of language that related to meaning

45
Q

Semantics

A

Linguistic representation of objects, ideas, feelings, and events, as well as the relations among these phenomena

46
Q

Lexicon

A

Mental dictionary of words

47
Q

Language form

A

Structure of language; involves 3 linguistic systems: phonology, morphology, and syntax

48
Q

Phonology

A

The study of the sounds we use to make words

49
Q

Morphology

A

The internal organization of words

50
Q

Free morpheme

A

Morpheme that can stand alone as a word

51
Q

Bound morpheme

A

Grammatical tags or markers in English

52
Q

Syntax

A

The linguistic conventions for organizing word order; “grammar”

53
Q

Language use

A

Concerns the goals of language and the ways we choose between alternative combinations of words and sentences

54
Q

Pragmatics

A

Sociolinguistic conventions; help us decide what to say to whom, how to say it, and when to say it; “use”

55
Q

Babbling

A

Infant’s language when they combine different consonants and vowels and string sets of different syllables together in a way that has a speech like quality

56
Q

Canonical babbling

A

Around the age of 7 months, infants start to use their voice to make syllable like strings

57
Q

Reduplicated babbling

A

In babbling when they produce rhythmic syllables over and over

58
Q

Variegated babbling

A

In babbling when they combine different syllables

59
Q

Expressive jargon

A

When babbling starts to take on adult like intonation patterns which sounds like statements and questions with the exception that none of the strings of syllables are recognizable words

60
Q

Story grammar

A

Similar sequence children use in fictional stories that include a setting, one or more episodes, narration including the main character’s motive to take an action (initiating event), what actions the character the main character took in response to the initiating event (attempts), and what was the result of the action (consequences)

61
Q

Metaphors

A

Expressions in which words that usually designate one thing are used to designate another

62
Q

Idioms

A

Expressions that have literal and figurative meanings

63
Q

Phonological processes

A

Producing words more accurately; production of complex words or in the production of words containing sounds that are late to be acquired

64
Q

Phonological awareness

A

In late preschool years and early school age years, children become aware of and start to mentally manipulate the sound structure of the words they say and hear; critically important for learning to read

65
Q

Genres

A

Personal accounts, mysteries, science fiction, horror stories, etc

66
Q

Culture

A

Set of beliefs and assumptions shared by a group of people that guide how individuals think, act, and interact on a daily basis; constantly changing

67
Q

Socialization

A

Process by which an individual learns his or her own culture

68
Q

Acculturation

A

Process by which the individuals learns or adapts to another culture

69
Q

Mismatch

A

Refers to the mismatch between child socialization and expectations for home language interactions and school language interactions

70
Q

Basic interpersonal communication skills (BICS)

A

Language proficiency at a level that requires low cognitive load in situations that are highly contextualized; second language learners take from 1-3 years to learn face-to-face communication

71
Q

Decontextualized language

A

Language learning environment devoid of significant nonverbal of contextual cues to assist meaning

72
Q

Cognitive academic language proficiency (CALP)

A

Language proficiency at a,eve, that requires high cognitive load in situations that are decontextualized

73
Q

Communicative demands

A

Expectations of a specific language interaction

74
Q

Dialect

A

Variation of a language that is spoken by people from a particular geographic area

75
Q

Accent

A

Particular nonnative stress on syllables in words which often connotes the influence of a second language

76
Q

Grammatical patterns

A

Rule governed organization of words in sentences

77
Q

Jim Crow segregation

A

The legalized segregation (from about 1900-1960s) barring African Americans from public and social interaction with whites

78
Q

Code switching

A

Ability to use AAE in some settings but not in others, or to vary its usage throughout an event

79
Q

Bilingual

A

Individuals who can speak and understand two languages

80
Q

Elective bilingual

A

People who have studied a foreign language by choice

81
Q

Circumstantial bilingual

A

Someone who learns another language because they are living in that environment

82
Q

Simultaneous bilinguals

A

People who are exposed to two languages from birth

83
Q

Sequential bilinguals

A

People who learn a second language when they go to school or become an adult

SLP (10 decks)

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